NiHowdy > Drug Classes > Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

Browse Medications by Drug Class: Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

Written by Amar Lunagaria

Pharm.D • NiHowdy Founder

Reviewed by James Wong

Pharm.D • NiHowdy Founder

Published Jan 15, 2025

Fact checked

What are Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors?

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) are a class of medications that inhibit the activity of carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme involved in regulating acid-base balance and fluid production in the body. These drugs are primarily used to treat conditions like glaucoma, altitude sickness, and certain types of epilepsy. They work by reducing the production of aqueous humor in the eye or altering electrolyte balance in the kidneys. A unique characteristic of CAIs is their dual role in managing both ocular and systemic conditions. NiHowdy ensures affordable access to carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, supporting patients in managing diverse medical needs.

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List of drugs in Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

Drug Name	More Information	NiHowdy Prices & Bitcoin Rebate

Azopt	Azopt Information	Azopt Pricing
Brinzolamide	Brinzolamide Information	Brinzolamide Pricing
Cosopt	Cosopt Information	Cosopt Pricing
Cosopt PF	Cosopt PF Information	Cosopt PF Pricing
Dorzolamide HCl	Dorzolamide HCl Information	Dorzolamide HCl Pricing
Dorzolamide HCl-Timolol Mal	Dorzolamide HCl-Timolol Mal Information	Dorzolamide HCl-Timolol Mal Pricing
Dorzolamide HCl-Timolol Mal PF	Dorzolamide HCl-Timolol Mal PF Information	Dorzolamide HCl-Timolol Mal PF Pricing
Simbrinza	Simbrinza Information	Simbrinza Pricing
Trusopt	Trusopt Information	Trusopt Pricing

Brief history about Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors?

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors were first developed in the mid-20th century, with acetazolamide being one of the earliest drugs introduced. Initially used as diuretics, their role expanded to include treating glaucoma and epilepsy as their mechanism of action became better understood. Over time, newer CAIs like dorzolamide and brinzolamide were developed for targeted ocular use, offering improved efficacy and reduced systemic side effects. NiHowdy simplifies access to these essential medications, ensuring affordability and convenience for patients with diverse treatment needs.

How do Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors work?

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors work by inhibiting the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which is involved in the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into bicarbonate and protons. In the eye, this reduces the production of aqueous humor, lowering intraocular pressure in conditions like glaucoma. In the kidneys, CAIs decrease bicarbonate reabsorption, leading to diuresis and alterations in acid-base balance, which can be beneficial in managing altitude sickness. NiHowdy ensures that patients can access these medications affordably, enabling effective management of their conditions.

What are Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors used to treat?

Glaucoma

CAIs like dorzolamide and brinzolamide are commonly used to lower intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. By reducing the production of aqueous humor, they help protect the optic nerve and prevent vision loss.

Altitude Sickness

Acetazolamide is used prophylactically and for the treatment of acute mountain sickness. It works by inducing metabolic acidosis, which stimulates breathing and improves oxygenation at high altitudes.

Epilepsy

Acetazolamide is sometimes used as an adjunctive treatment for specific types of epilepsy, particularly absence and focal seizures. Its effect on electrolyte balance can help stabilize neuronal activity.

Who should consider Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors medications?

Adults

CAIs are frequently prescribed for adults with glaucoma, altitude sickness, or epilepsy. They are also beneficial for managing metabolic alkalosis or idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Adults with chronic conditions benefit from their targeted action and proven efficacy.

Children

In pediatric cases, CAIs like acetazolamide are used to treat specific types of epilepsy and rare conditions like idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Dosages are carefully tailored to the child's weight and age to ensure safety and effectiveness.

Seniors

Seniors with glaucoma or related ocular conditions benefit significantly from CAIs, particularly those with minimal systemic side effects like dorzolamide. Close monitoring is essential to manage potential side effects, such as electrolyte imbalances or kidney function changes.

Are Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors safe?

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are generally safe when prescribed and used as directed. Common side effects include tingling sensations in the hands and feet, gastrointestinal discomfort, and increased urination. Rare but serious risks include electrolyte imbalances, kidney stones, and metabolic acidosis. Patients with kidney or liver disease should use CAIs cautiously. Regular monitoring and adherence to dosing guidelines minimize risks and ensure safe treatment.

Can I take Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors during pregnancy?

The safety of CAIs during pregnancy varies depending on the specific drug and indication. Acetazolamide is sometimes used in pregnancy when the benefits outweigh the risks, but it should be prescribed with caution. Patients should consult their healthcare provider for personalized advice.

Are Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors safe to take while lactating?

Some CAIs, like acetazolamide, may pass into breast milk in small amounts. Their use during lactation should be discussed with a healthcare provider, considering the potential risks and benefits for both mother and baby.

Are Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors controlled substances?

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are not classified as controlled substances. However, they require a prescription to ensure proper use and monitoring, particularly for long-term management of conditions like glaucoma or epilepsy.

Side effects of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors?

Common side effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors include tingling in the fingers or toes, increased urination, nausea, and fatigue. Rare but serious risks include metabolic acidosis, kidney stones, and severe electrolyte imbalances. Patients should report any persistent or severe side effects to their healthcare provider. Regular follow-ups and lab tests help minimize risks and ensure safe and effective treatment.

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Cost considerations and insurance coverage for Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

The cost of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors varies depending on the specific medication and formulation. Generic options, such as acetazolamide, are widely available and affordable. Topical CAIs like dorzolamide and brinzolamide may be more expensive but are often covered by insurance for glaucoma. NiHowdy offers discounts, rebates, and Bitcoin rewards to ensure these treatments remain accessible and cost-effective.

How do I get rebates on Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors?

NiHowdy's Bitcoin rebate program for carbonic anhydrase inhibitor prescriptions provides patients with a unique opportunity to save on healthcare costs while earning potential financial growth. This innovative approach makes managing conditions like glaucoma and altitude sickness both affordable and rewarding, improving access to essential care while building long-term value.

Therapeutic Classes linked to Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors