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Dorzolamide HCl-Timolol Mal
Dorzolamide HCl-Timolol Mal is a combination eye drop used to treat elevated intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Dorzolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, while Timolol is a beta-blocker. Together, they reduce fluid production in the eye, which helps lower pressure and prevent damage to the optic nerve.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Dorzolamide HCl-Timolol Mal to start working?
The medication begins to reduce intraocular pressure within hours of the first dose, with full effects typically seen after 2-4 weeks of consistent use.
Can I use Dorzolamide HCl-Timolol Mal if I have asthma?
No, the timolol component can cause bronchospasm, so it is not recommended for patients with asthma or severe COPD.
Can I use contact lenses while using Dorzolamide HCl-Timolol Mal?
Yes, but you should remove your lenses before applying the drops and wait at least 15 minutes before reinserting them.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Dorzolamide HCl-Timolol Mal?
If you miss a dose, apply it as soon as you remember, unless it is close to your next scheduled dose. Do not double up on doses to make up for the missed one.
Is Dorzolamide HCl-Timolol Mal safe for long-term use?
Yes, this medication is commonly used for long-term management of glaucoma and ocular hypertension, but regular eye exams and monitoring of intraocular pressure are important to ensure it remains effective.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Dorzolamide HCl-Timolol Mal Work?
Dorzolamide works by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme that helps produce aqueous humor (fluid in the eye). Timolol reduces the production of this fluid by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors. Together, these actions decrease intraocular pressure by reducing fluid production and preventing further optic nerve damage.
Common Dosages
Dorzolamide HCl-Timolol Mal is available as a 2% Dorzolamide and 0.5% Timolol ophthalmic solution, typically in 5 mL bottles.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Open-angle glaucoma
- Ocular hypertension
Who Shouldn't Take Dorzolamide HCl-Timolol Mal?
- Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma
- Bradycardia (slow heart rate)
- Cardiogenic shock or severe heart failure
- Known hypersensitivity to dorzolamide, timolol, or any component of the formulation
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Apply the eye drops exactly as prescribed, ensuring you wait at least 5 minutes between using other eye medications.
- After applying the drops, press on the inner corner of your eye for 1-2 minutes to reduce systemic absorption.
- Avoid touching the tip of the dropper to your eye or any surface to prevent contamination.
- If you wear contact lenses, remove them before applying the eye drops and wait at least 15 minutes before reinserting them.
Side Effects of Dorzolamide HCl-Timolol Mal
Common Side Effects
- Eye burning or stinging
- Blurred vision
- Bitter taste in the mouth
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Shortness of breath
- Irregular heartbeat
- Swelling of the face, tongue, or throat (signs of an allergic reaction)
Risks and Warnings of Dorzolamide HCl-Timolol Mal
- Respiratory Effects: The timolol component can cause bronchospasm and should be avoided in patients with asthma or COPD.
- Cardiac Effects: Timolol may slow the heart rate or worsen heart failure in susceptible individuals. Heart rate and blood pressure should be monitored.
- Allergic Reactions: Dorzolamide contains sulfonamide, which may cause severe allergic reactions in some individuals.
Interactions with Dorzolamide HCl-Timolol Mal
Common Drug Interactions
- Beta-blockers: Using additional oral or topical beta-blockers with this medication may increase the risk of bradycardia and low blood pressure.
- Oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Combining with other carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (e.g., acetazolamide) may increase the risk of systemic side effects.
- Calcium channel blockers: Caution should be used when combining with calcium channel blockers due to potential additive effects on heart rate and blood pressure.
Alternatives to Dorzolamide HCl-Timolol Mal
- Brimonidine (Alphagan P): An alternative eye drop for glaucoma that reduces fluid production and increases fluid drainage.
- Latanoprost (Xalatan): A prostaglandin analog that increases the outflow of fluid from the eye, used for lowering intraocular pressure.
- Travoprost (Travatan Z): Another prostaglandin analog that helps reduce intraocular pressure by increasing fluid drainage.
