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Ibuprofen
Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly used to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and lower fever. It can help with conditions such as headaches, menstrual cramps, muscle aches, and minor injuries.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Can I drink alcohol while taking ibuprofen?
It's generally best to avoid combining ibuprofen and alcohol as it can increase the risk of stomach irritation and bleeding.
Can I take ibuprofen if I have a stomach ulcer?
It's best to avoid ibuprofen if you have a history of stomach ulcers, as it can worsen the condition and increase the risk of bleeding.
Can I take ibuprofen if I have high blood pressure?
It's generally safe to use ibuprofen for shortterm pain relief, but if you have uncontrolled high blood pressure or are on blood pressure medications, it's advisable to consult your healthcare provider before taking ibuprofen regularly.
Can I take ibuprofen if I'm breastfeeding?
In general, small amounts of ibuprofen can pass into breast milk and are considered safe for shortterm use while breastfeeding, but consult with your healthcare provider for personalized advice.
Can I take ibuprofen if I'm pregnant?
While ibuprofen is generally not recommended during the third trimester of pregnancy, it's best to consult with your healthcare provider for guidance on its use in earlier stages.
Is it safe to give ibuprofen to my child for fever?
Yes, ibuprofen can be used to reduce fever in children, but always follow the proper dosing instructions based on their age and weight.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Ibuprofen Work?
Ibuprofen is a type of medicine called a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It works by blocking enzymes called COX1 and COX2. These enzymes help produce chemicals called prostaglandins, which cause inflammation, pain, and fever. By stopping the COX enzymes, ibuprofen reduces the amount of prostaglandins, which helps lower inflammation, pain, and fever.
What is Ibuprofen Used For?
The FDA approves Ibuprofen for pain relief, fever reduction, and antiinflammation. Additionally, it has off-label uses for treating juvenile arthritis, premenstrual syndrome, patent ductus arteriosus, and muscle pain or soft tissue injuries.
Common Dosages
Tablets and Capsules: These are the most common form of ibuprofen for adults. They come in standard and extended-release forms.
Chewable Tablets: Often flavored, chewable tablets are primarily designed for children but can be used by anyone who has difficulty swallowing regular tablets.
Liquid Suspension: This formulation is commonly used for children, but adults can also use it. It allows for easy dose adjustments based on weight and age.
Liquid Gels or Soft Gels are liquid-filled capsules that might be absorbed more quickly than standard tablets.
Topical Gel/Cream: Ibuprofen can be found in topical formulations intended for direct application to the skin over areas of pain or inflammation, like joints or muscles.
Effervescent Tablets: These tablets are designed to dissolve in water before consumption, which can be more palatable for some people.
Intravenous (IV) Form: This form, used mainly in hospitals, allows for the direct injection of ibuprofen into the bloodstream.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Pain and Fever in Adults:
- Over-the-counter (OTC): 200 to 400 mg every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Do not exceed 1,200 mg in 24 hours unless directed by a doctor.
- Prescription: Dosages can go up to 800 mg, taken up to four times a day (3,200 mg/day), but this is under the direction of a healthcare professional.
- Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis in Adults: Typically, 400-800 mg every 6-8 hours. However, the dosing can vary based on severity, and the maximum is typically limited to 3,200 mg/day.
Off-Label Uses
- Migraine: Adults might take 400800 mg at the onset of symptoms, repeated every 68 hours as needed.
- Juvenile Arthritis: Dosing is individualized, often similar to the pediatric dosing for pain and fever but might be adjusted based on the child's specific needs and the severity of the condition.
- Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and Dysmenorrhea: Similar to pain dosing in adults: 200400 mg every 4 to 6 hours as needed.
- Patent Ductus Arteriosus: This would be administered in a hospital setting with dosing based on the infant's weight and specific medical needs.
- Muscle Pain and Soft Tissue Injuries: Typically follows standard pain dosing recommendations.
Pediatric Dosing
Dosing is often determined by weight rather than age. Generally, it's around 510 mg/kg every 68 hours, but not to exceed 40 mg/kg in 24 hours.
Who Shouldn't Take Ibuprofen?
- People with a history of gastrointestinal ulcers or bleeding.
- Individuals with a history of asthma or aspirin sensitivity, as they may be at a higher risk of experiencing an allergic reaction or respiratory issues.
- Pregnant women in the third trimester, as it may affect the baby's circulation and cause other complications.
- Individuals with liver or kidney disease, as ibuprofen can put additional stress on these organs.
- People taking bloodthinning medications or with bleeding disorders, as ibuprofen can increase the risk of bleeding.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take ibuprofen with food to help prevent stomach upset.
- Drink plenty of water when taking ibuprofen to stay hydrated.
- Follow the recommended dosage and do not exceed the maximum daily limit.
- If you have any medical conditions or are taking other medications, check with a healthcare provider or pharmacist before using ibuprofen.
- If your symptoms persist or worsen despite taking ibuprofen, consult a healthcare provider for further evaluation.
Side Effects of Ibuprofen
Common Side Effects
- Upset stomach or indigestion
- Heartburn
- Mild headache
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Stomach ulcers or bleeding: Signs may include black, tarry stools, abdominal pain, or vomiting blood.
- Kidney problems: Symptoms can include decreased urine output, swelling in the feet or ankles, or unexplained weight gain.
- Liver problems: Indicators may include yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine, or persistent fatigue.
Risks and Warnings of Ibuprofen
- Individuals with a history of stomach ulcers, heart conditions, high blood pressure, kidney or liver problems, or asthma should use ibuprofen with caution and consult their healthcare provider before taking it regularly.
- Longterm use of ibuprofen can increase the risk of kidney damage, so it's advisable to limit prolonged use.
- If you experience any unusual symptoms or side effects while taking ibuprofen, such as severe stomach pain, difficulty breathing, or swelling, seek medical attention promptly.
- Avoid taking ibuprofen if you are pregnant, in the third trimester, or breastfeeding without consulting with a healthcare provider first.
Interactions with Ibuprofen
Common Drug Interactions
- Aspirin
- Warfarin
- Lithium
- Methotrexate
- ACE inhibitors (e.g., lisinopril, enalapril)
- Diuretics (e.g., furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide)
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (e.g., fluoxetine, sertraline)
- Corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone, dexamethasone)
- Anticoagulants (e.g., rivaroxaban, apixaban)
- Antiplatelet drugs (e.g., clopidogrel, ticagrelor)
Alternatives to Ibuprofen
- Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
- Naproxen (Aleve)
- Aspirin (Bayer, Ecotrin)
- Celecoxib (Celebrex)
- Diclofenac (Voltaren)
- Meloxicam (Mobic)
- Ketorolac (Toradol)