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NiHowdy > Drug Classes > Biguanides

Browse Medications by Drug Class: Biguanides

Author

Written by Amar Lunagaria

Pharm.D • NiHowdy Founder

Reviewed By

Reviewed by James Wong

Pharm.D • NiHowdy Founder

Updated Jan 24, 2025

Published Jan 15, 2025

Fact checked Fact checked

What are Biguanides?

Biguanidine medications are a class of antidiabetic agents primarily used to manage type 2 diabetes by improving blood sugar control. The most commonly used biguanidine is metformin, which lowers blood glucose levels by reducing hepatic glucose production, improving insulin sensitivity, and enhancing glucose uptake in peripheral tissues. Biguanidines are unique in that they do not cause significant hypoglycemia when used alone, making them a safe and effective first-line therapy for many patients with type 2 diabetes. NiHowdy ensures affordable access to biguanidine medications, helping patients effectively manage their diabetes.

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Brief history about Biguanides?

Biguanidine compounds were originally derived from a natural source: the French lilac (Galega officinalis), which was traditionally used to treat symptoms of diabetes. Metformin, the most widely known biguanidine, was developed in the 1920s and gained widespread clinical use in the 1950s after studies demonstrated its efficacy and safety in managing type 2 diabetes. Over the decades, metformin has become the cornerstone of diabetes treatment worldwide. NiHowdy simplifies access to this essential medication, ensuring affordability for patients requiring diabetes management.

How do Biguanides work?

Biguanidines, particularly metformin, work by targeting multiple pathways to improve blood sugar control: ^ Inhibition of Hepatic Glucose Production: Metformin reduces gluconeogenesis in the liver, decreasing the amount of glucose released into the bloodstream. ^ Improvement of Insulin Sensitivity: It enhances the action of insulin in peripheral tissues, such as muscle cells, facilitating better glucose uptake. ^ Reduction of Intestinal Glucose Absorption: Metformin slightly decreases the absorption of glucose in the gastrointestinal tract. These combined effects result in improved glycemic control without the risk of significant hypoglycemia when used as monotherapy. NiHowdy provides affordable access to biguanidine medications, ensuring patients achieve optimal diabetes management.

What are Biguanides used to treat?

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Biguanidines like metformin are the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes. They lower blood sugar levels, improve insulin sensitivity, and help prevent complications associated with uncontrolled diabetes.

Prediabetes

In patients with prediabetes, metformin can help delay or prevent the progression to type 2 diabetes, particularly in individuals with high-risk factors like obesity.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Metformin is used off-label to improve insulin resistance in PCOS, helping to regulate menstrual cycles and enhance fertility.

Who should consider Biguanides medications?

Adults

Biguanidines are primarily prescribed for adults with type 2 diabetes as a first-line treatment to lower blood sugar levels and reduce the risk of complications. They may also benefit adults with insulin resistance-related conditions like PCOS.

Children

Metformin is FDA-approved for use in children aged 10 and older with type 2 diabetes. Pediatric dosing is carefully adjusted to ensure safety and efficacy.

Seniors

Seniors with type 2 diabetes can benefit from metformin, but dose adjustments may be needed to reduce the risk of lactic acidosis, particularly in those with reduced kidney function. Regular monitoring is essential.

Are Biguanides safe?

Biguanidines are generally safe when prescribed and used appropriately. Common side effects include gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort, which are often transient. Rare but serious risks include lactic acidosis, particularly in patients with significant kidney impairment or other conditions affecting lactate clearance. Regular monitoring of kidney function and adherence to dosing recommendations minimize these risks. Patients should discuss any concerns with their healthcare provider.

Can I take Biguanides during pregnancy?

Metformin is sometimes used during pregnancy to manage gestational diabetes or PCOS, though insulin remains the standard treatment. Its safety profile in pregnancy is well-supported, but patients should consult their healthcare provider to weigh the risks and benefits.

Are Biguanides safe to take while lactating?

Metformin is considered safe during lactation, with minimal transfer into breast milk. Studies suggest no adverse effects on nursing infants, but patients should consult their healthcare provider for personalized advice and monitoring.

Are Biguanides controlled substances?

Biguanidines are not classified as controlled substances. They are available by prescription to ensure proper use and monitoring, particularly for managing type 2 diabetes and related conditions.

Side effects of Biguanides?

Common side effects of biguanidines include gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, diarrhea, bloating, and abdominal discomfort. These symptoms are often temporary and improve with continued use. Rare but serious risks include lactic acidosis, especially in patients with kidney or liver dysfunction. Patients experiencing severe or persistent side effects should consult their healthcare provider immediately. Regular follow-ups and kidney function tests are essential to ensure safety.

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Cost considerations and insurance coverage for Biguanides

Biguanidines, particularly metformin, are widely available and affordable. Generic versions are inexpensive, making them accessible to most patients. Many insurance plans cover metformin for managing type 2 diabetes and related conditions. NiHowdy offers discounts, rebates, and Bitcoin rewards to ensure these essential treatments remain cost-effective.

How do I get rebates on Biguanides?

NiHowdy's Bitcoin rebate program for biguanidine prescriptions provides patients with a unique opportunity to save on healthcare costs while earning potential financial growth. This innovative approach makes managing diabetes and related conditions more affordable and rewarding, improving access to essential care while building long-term value.

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