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Fortamet
Fortamet is the brand name for metformin hydrochloride, an oral medication used primarily for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is often prescribed in conjunction with diet and exercise to help control blood sugar levels. Metformin works by improving insulin sensitivity, decreasing hepatic glucose production, and enhancing glucose uptake in peripheral tissues.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How quickly does Fortamet work?
Fortamet typically begins to lower blood sugar levels within a few days, but optimal effects may take up to two weeks.
Can I take Fortamet with other medications?
Yes, Fortamet can be used in combination with other diabetes medications, but inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are taking to avoid potential interactions.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Fortamet?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not double up on doses.
Is Fortamet safe during pregnancy?
Fortamet is not typically recommended during pregnancy. Discuss with your healthcare provider for alternative options to manage diabetes during pregnancy.
Can I stop taking Fortamet if my blood sugar levels improve?
It is important to continue taking Fortamet as prescribed to maintain blood sugar control. Consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your treatment plan.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Fortamet Work?
Metformin primarily works by decreasing the amount of glucose produced by the liver (hepatic glucose output) and improving the body’s sensitivity to insulin. It also enhances the uptake and utilization of glucose by peripheral tissues, particularly muscle cells, thereby lowering blood glucose levels. Metformin does not cause insulin secretion from the pancreas, which reduces the risk of hypoglycemia.
Common Dosages
- Starting dose: Usually begins at 500 mg to 1000 mg taken orally once daily, with meals to reduce gastrointestinal side effects.
- Maintenance dose: The dose may be increased to a maximum of 2000 mg per day, depending on glycemic control and tolerability.
Typical Dosing
- For type 2 diabetes management: Start with 500 mg to 1000 mg once daily, gradually increasing the dose as needed to a maximum of 2000 mg per day.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults and children aged 10 years and older, usually in combination with diet and exercise.
Who Shouldn't Take Fortamet?
- Known hypersensitivity to metformin or any components of the formulation.
- Severe renal impairment (eGFR < 30 mL/min) or acute or chronic metabolic acidosis, including diabetic ketoacidosis.
- Severe liver disease.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Use as prescribed: Take Fortamet exactly as directed by your healthcare provider, and do not exceed the recommended dosage.
- Take with food: To minimize gastrointestinal side effects, take the medication with meals.
- Monitor blood sugar levels: Regularly check blood glucose levels to assess the effectiveness of the medication and adjust the treatment plan as necessary.
- Store Fortamet at room temperature, away from moisture and heat, and keep it out of reach of children.
Side Effects of Fortamet
Common Side Effects
- Gastrointestinal upset (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
- Abdominal discomfort
- Flatulence
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Lactic acidosis: A rare but serious condition that can occur with metformin accumulation, characterized by symptoms such as muscle pain, breathing difficulties, and unusual fatigue.
- Vitamin B12 deficiency: Prolonged use of metformin may interfere with vitamin B12 absorption.
Risks and Warnings of Fortamet
- Lactic Acidosis Risk: Patients should be monitored for signs and symptoms of lactic acidosis, especially those with renal impairment, liver disease, or those undergoing procedures that may affect kidney function.
- Kidney Function Monitoring: Regular assessment of renal function is essential to prevent complications associated with metformin.
- Surgery and Contrast Imaging: Patients may need to temporarily discontinue metformin before surgeries or imaging procedures involving contrast dye, as this can increase the risk of lactic acidosis.
Interactions with Fortamet
Common Drug Interactions
- Diuretics: Such as furosemide, which may increase the risk of lactic acidosis.
- Other antidiabetic agents: Caution is advised when used in combination with other oral hypoglycemic medications or insulin, as this may increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Alternatives to Fortamet
- Other oral antidiabetic medications: Such as sulfonylureas (e.g., glyburide), DPP-4 inhibitors (e.g., sitagliptin), or SGLT2 inhibitors (e.g., empagliflozin).
- Insulin therapy: May be considered for patients who do not achieve adequate control with oral medications alone.
