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Cefuroxime Axetil
Cefuroxime Axetil is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections, skin infections, sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, urinary tract infections (UTIs), otitis media (ear infections), and Lyme disease. It works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, making it effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Cefuroxime Axetil to work?
Cefuroxime typically starts relieving symptoms within a few days of starting treatment. However, it is important to complete the entire prescribed course to fully treat the infection and prevent recurrence.
Can Cefuroxime Axetil treat viral infections like the flu?
No, Cefuroxime Axetil is an antibiotic and is only effective against bacterial infections. It does not work on viral infections such as the common cold or the flu.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Cefuroxime Axetil?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for the missed one.
Can Cefuroxime Axetil cause diarrhea?
Yes, diarrhea is a common side effect of Cefuroxime. If you experience severe or persistent diarrhea, contact your healthcare provider, as this could indicate Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD).
Is Cefuroxime Axetil safe for children?
Yes, Cefuroxime is commonly prescribed to children for bacterial infections. The dose is typically adjusted based on the child’s weight and age.
Can I take Cefuroxime Axetil if I’m allergic to penicillin?
There is a possibility of cross-reactivity between penicillins and cephalosporins like Cefuroxime. If you have a known penicillin allergy, inform your healthcare provider before taking Cefuroxime.
Does Cefuroxime Axetil reduce the effectiveness of birth control pills?
Cefuroxime may reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives, so it is advisable to use a backup method of contraception (e.g., condoms) while taking the medication.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Cefuroxime Axetil Work?
Cefuroxime works by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located within the bacterial cell wall. This inhibits the final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis, leading to bacterial cell lysis and death. Cefuroxime is bactericidal, meaning it directly kills bacteria.
Common Dosages
- Adults:
- Sinusitis: 250 mg to 500 mg every 12 hours for 10-14 days.
- Pharyngitis or Tonsillitis: 250 mg every 12 hours for 10 days.
- Otitis Media: 500 mg every 12 hours for 10 days.
- Uncomplicated UTIs: 250 mg every 12 hours for 7-10 days.
- Early Lyme Disease: 500 mg every 12 hours for 20 days.
- Children:
- Otitis Media or Sinusitis: 30 mg/kg per day, divided every 12 hours for 10 days.
- Pharyngitis or Tonsillitis: 20 mg/kg per day, divided every 12 hours for 10 days.
Typical Dosing
- Administration: Cefuroxime Axetil should be taken with food to increase absorption. The oral suspension should be shaken well before use, and the dose should be measured with a proper measuring device.
- Frequency: Usually taken every 12 hours (twice daily).
- Duration of Use: Treatment duration depends on the severity and type of infection, typically ranging from 7 to 14 days.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Upper Respiratory Tract Infections: Including sinusitis, pharyngitis, and tonsillitis.
- Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: Such as bronchitis and pneumonia.
- Otitis Media (Middle Ear Infections): Caused by susceptible bacteria.
- Skin and Skin Structure Infections: Such as cellulitis and impetigo.
- Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Including cystitis and pyelonephritis.
- Lyme Disease: Early stages of Lyme disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi.
Who Shouldn't Take Cefuroxime Axetil?
- Hypersensitivity to cefuroxime or other cephalosporins.
- Severe allergic reactions to penicillin, as cross-reactivity may occur.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take the medication with food to ensure better absorption and reduce stomach upset.
- Complete the full prescribed course, even if symptoms improve before finishing the medication, to prevent antibiotic resistance.
- Use a proper measuring device for the oral suspension to ensure an accurate dose.
- Contact their healthcare provider if they experience signs of an allergic reaction, such as rash, swelling, or difficulty breathing.
- Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids, especially if treating urinary tract infections.
Side Effects of Cefuroxime Axetil
Common Side Effects
- Diarrhea
- Nausea or vomiting
- Abdominal pain or cramps
- Rash or itching
- Headache
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Severe Allergic Reactions (Anaphylaxis): Symptoms include hives, swelling, and difficulty breathing.
- Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea (CDAD): Prolonged antibiotic use can disrupt the normal gut flora, leading to overgrowth of harmful bacteria.
- Kidney Issues: Rarely, Cefuroxime can cause kidney damage, particularly in patients with pre-existing kidney disease.
- Blood Disorders: Such as low white blood cell counts or platelets, which may cause bruising or bleeding.
Risks and Warnings of Cefuroxime Axetil
- Allergic Reactions: Patients with a history of cephalosporin or penicillin allergies should use Cefuroxime Axetil cautiously due to possible cross-reactivity.
- Clostridium difficile Infection: Long-term or improper use of antibiotics like Cefuroxime can cause overgrowth of C. difficile, leading to severe diarrhea. Contact your healthcare provider if diarrhea persists.
- Kidney Function: Cefuroxime is excreted by the kidneys, so dosage adjustments may be needed for patients with impaired kidney function.
Interactions with Cefuroxime Axetil
Common Drug Interactions
- Antacids: Taking Cefuroxime with antacids (containing magnesium or aluminum) may reduce its absorption and effectiveness.
- Probenecid: Increases levels of Cefuroxime in the blood by reducing its excretion, potentially increasing the risk of side effects.
- Oral Contraceptives: Antibiotics like Cefuroxime may reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives, so backup contraception should be used while taking the antibiotic.
Alternatives to Cefuroxime Axetil
- Other Cephalosporins: Such as cefdinir or cephalexin.
- Penicillins: Such as amoxicillin or ampicillin, if the patient is not allergic to penicillins.
- Macrolides: Such as azithromycin or clarithromycin, particularly in patients with penicillin allergies.
- Fluoroquinolones: Such as ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin, which may be used in certain bacterial infections.
