Browse Medications by Everyday Health Concerns: Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)

Written by Amar Lunagaria
Pharm.D • NiHowdy Founder

Reviewed by James Wong
Pharm.D • NiHowdy Founder
Updated Jan 27, 2025
•Published Jan 15, 2025

What is Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)?
Symptoms of Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
- Pain while swallowing or a sensation of food getting stuck
- Choking or coughing during meals
- Regurgitation of food or liquids
- Unexplained weight loss due to difficulty eating
- Frequent heartburn or acid reflux
What causes Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)?
- Neurological disorders: Conditions like Parkinson's disease, stroke, or multiple sclerosis can impair swallowing.
- Esophageal problems: Issues such as GERD, esophageal cancer, or a narrowing of the esophagus can cause swallowing difficulties.
- Aging: As we age, the muscles and reflexes involved in swallowing may weaken.
- Muscle disorders: Conditions like achalasia affect the muscles in the esophagus.
Risk factors for Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
- Neurological conditions like stroke or Parkinson's disease
- Aging or weakened swallowing muscles
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or acid reflux
- Esophageal cancer or narrowing of the esophagus
- History of radiation therapy to the neck or chest area
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How is Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) diagnosed?
- Review your medical history and symptoms
- Perform a physical exam and check for signs of difficulty swallowing
- Recommend swallowing tests, such as a barium swallow or endoscopy
- Order neurological tests to assess muscle function
How is Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) treated?
- Swallowing therapy: A speech-language pathologist can help improve swallowing techniques.
- Medications: Drugs to manage underlying conditions like GERD or muscle disorders.
- Dietary changes: Modifying the texture of food and liquids to make swallowing easier.
- Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be required to treat structural issues.
Medications for Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
Can Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) be prevented?
- Managing chronic conditions like GERD or neurological disorders
- Maintaining a healthy diet and staying hydrated to support muscle function
- Avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol, which can impair swallowing
Managing Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) at home
- Eating smaller, more frequent meals to reduce the risk of choking
- Choosing softer foods that are easier to swallow
- Practicing swallowing exercises as recommended by a speech therapist
When should you seek help for Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)?
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