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Cefprozil
Cefprozil is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections, including upper respiratory infections, skin infections, tonsillitis, sinusitis, otitis media (ear infections), and pharyngitis. It is effective against both gram-positive and certain gram-negative bacteria. Cefprozil works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, leading to the destruction of the bacteria.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Cefprozil to start working?
Cefprozil typically begins to relieve symptoms within a few days of starting treatment. However, it is essential to complete the entire course to fully treat the infection.
Can Cefprozil treat viral infections like the flu?
No, Cefprozil is an antibiotic and only works against bacterial infections. It does not treat viral infections, such as the common cold or the flu.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Cefprozil?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the next one at your regular time. Do not double the dose to make up for the missed one.
Can Cefprozil cause diarrhea?
Yes, diarrhea is a common side effect of Cefprozil. However, if you experience severe or persistent diarrhea, contact your healthcare provider, as this may indicate a more serious condition like Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD).
Is Cefprozil safe for children?
Yes, Cefprozil is commonly prescribed for children with bacterial infections. The dose is typically adjusted based on the child’s weight and the severity of the infection.
Can I take Cefprozil if I’m allergic to penicillin?
There may be cross-reactivity between penicillin and cephalosporins like Cefprozil. If you have a known penicillin allergy, inform your healthcare provider before taking Cefprozil.
Can I take Cefprozil if I’m allergic to penicillin?
There may be cross-reactivity between penicillin and cephalosporins like Cefprozil. If you have a known penicillin allergy, inform your healthcare provider before taking Cefprozil.
Can Cefprozil reduce the effectiveness of birth control pills?
Yes, like other antibiotics, Cefprozil may reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives. It is recommended to use backup contraception (e.g., condoms) while taking Cefprozil and for a short time after completing the course.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Cefprozil Work?
Cefprozil works by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) in the bacterial cell wall, inhibiting the final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. This leads to bacterial cell lysis and ultimately, the death of the bacteria. Cefprozil is bactericidal, meaning it kills bacteria.
What is Cefprozil Used For?
Cefzil is heavily utilized in the combat against various bacterial infections including strep throat, ear infections, skin infections, and urinary tract infections.
Common Dosages
- Adults:
- Pharyngitis, Tonsillitis, or Sinusitis: 500 mg once daily or 250 mg every 12 hours for 10 days.
- Otitis Media: 250 mg every 12 hours for 10 days.
- Skin Infections: 500 mg every 12 hours for 10 days.
- Children:
- Otitis Media: 15 mg/kg every 12 hours for 10 days.
- Pharyngitis, Tonsillitis, or Sinusitis: 7.5 to 15 mg/kg every 12 hours for 10 days.
Typical Dosing
- Administration: Cefprozil can be taken with or without food. The oral suspension should be shaken well before use, and the dose should be measured with a proper measuring device.
- Frequency: Doses are typically taken once or twice daily, depending on the infection.
- Duration of Use: The treatment duration usually ranges from 7 to 14 days, depending on the severity and location of the infection.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis: Caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Acute Sinusitis: Caused by susceptible bacteria.
- Otitis Media (Middle Ear Infections): Caused by susceptible strains of Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
- Skin and Skin Structure Infections: Including cellulitis and impetigo.
- Bronchitis: Both acute and chronic bacterial exacerbations.
Pediatric Dosing
Pediatric dosing of Cefzil depends on the type and severity of infection as well as the child’s weight. The dose can range from 7.5mg/kg every 12 hours to 15mg/kg every 12 hours. Always follow the doctor’s instructions.
Who Shouldn't Take Cefprozil?
- Hypersensitivity to cefprozil, any other cephalosporins, or beta-lactam antibiotics.
- History of severe allergic reactions to penicillin, as cross-reactivity may occur between cephalosporins and penicillins in some patients.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Complete the full course of therapy, even if they start feeling better before finishing the medication, to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance.
- Take the medication at evenly spaced intervals for maximum effectiveness.
- Use a proper measuring device when taking the oral suspension to ensure accurate dosing.
- Inform their healthcare provider if they have a history of allergies to cephalosporins or penicillins.
- Contact their healthcare provider if they experience severe diarrhea or other gastrointestinal symptoms, which could indicate Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD).
Side Effects of Cefprozil
Common Side Effects
- Diarrhea
- Nausea or vomiting
- Stomach pain or cramping
- Rash or itching
- Headache
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Severe Allergic Reactions (Anaphylaxis): Symptoms may include swelling, hives, and difficulty breathing.
- Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea (CDAD): Prolonged antibiotic use can disrupt the normal gut flora, leading to overgrowth of harmful bacteria.
- Kidney Issues: In rare cases, Cefprozil may cause kidney dysfunction, especially in patients with pre-existing kidney disease.
- Blood Disorders: Rarely, Cefprozil may cause changes in blood cell counts, such as neutropenia or thrombocytopenia.
Risks and Warnings of Cefprozil
- Allergic Reactions: Patients with a known allergy to cephalosporins or penicillins should use Cefprozil with caution due to the possibility of cross-reactivity.
- Clostridium difficile Infection: Prolonged use of antibiotics can cause C. difficile overgrowth, leading to severe diarrhea. Patients should report any persistent diarrhea to their healthcare provider.
- Kidney Function: Cefprozil is excreted by the kidneys, so dosage adjustments may be necessary in patients with impaired kidney function.
Interactions with Cefprozil
Common Drug Interactions
- Probenecid: Increases the level of Cefprozil in the blood by reducing its excretion, potentially increasing the risk of side effects.
- Antacids: Taking Cefprozil with antacids containing magnesium or aluminum may reduce its absorption and effectiveness.
- Oral Contraceptives: Like other antibiotics, Cefprozil may reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives. Backup contraception should be used while taking Cefprozil.
Alternatives to Cefprozil
- Other Cephalosporins: Such as cefdinir or cephalexin.
- Penicillins: Such as amoxicillin for patients without penicillin allergies.
- Macrolides: Such as azithromycin or clarithromycin, especially for patients with penicillin allergies.
- Fluoroquinolones: Such as ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin, which are used for certain bacterial infections but carry different risk profiles.
