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Xanax XR
Xanax XR (generic name: alprazolam) is an extended-release benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and panic disorder. It works by enhancing the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter in the brain that promotes relaxation and reduces anxiety. Xanax XR is designed to provide a longer-lasting effect, with once-daily dosing to help manage symptoms throughout the day.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does Xanax XR take to start working?
Xanax XR typically starts working within 1 to 2 hours after taking a dose, with its effects lasting throughout the day due to the extended-release formulation.
Can I take Xanax XR long-term?
Xanax XR is generally prescribed for short-term use due to the risk of dependence and withdrawal. If long-term treatment is necessary, it should be closely monitored by your healthcare provider.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Xanax XR?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is close to the time of your next dose, skip the missed dose. Do not double up on doses to make up for the missed one.
Is Xanax XR addictive?
Yes, Xanax XR can be addictive, especially with prolonged use or in individuals with a history of substance abuse. Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions to minimize the risk of dependence.
Can Xanax XR be used for sleep?
While Xanax XR may cause drowsiness, it is not typically prescribed as a sleep aid. Other medications, such as Ambien or Trazodone, are more commonly used for sleep disorders.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Xanax XR Work?
Xanax XR works by enhancing the action of GABA, a neurotransmitter that inhibits nerve activity in the brain. By increasing the effectiveness of GABA, Xanax XR helps calm the nervous system, reducing symptoms of anxiety and panic attacks. Its extended-release formulation allows for a slow release of the medication over time, providing continuous relief from anxiety.
Common Dosages
- 0.5 mg extended-release tablets
- 1 mg extended-release tablets
- 2 mg extended-release tablets
- 3 mg extended-release tablets
Typical Dosing
- For panic disorder, the typical starting dose is 0.5 mg to 1 mg once daily, which may be adjusted based on response and tolerance. The maximum daily dose is generally 10 mg per day.
- For generalized anxiety disorder, the starting dose is usually 0.5 mg once daily, with gradual increases depending on the patient's response.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Treatment of panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia
- Management of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
Who Shouldn't Take Xanax XR?
- Known hypersensitivity to alprazolam or any other components of the formulation.
- Acute narrow-angle glaucoma.
- Concomitant use of strong CYP3A inhibitors (such as ketoconazole or itraconazole).
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Xanax XR should be taken once daily, preferably in the morning. Swallow the tablet whole—do not crush, chew, or break it, as this can interfere with the extended-release properties.
- Avoid consuming alcohol while taking Xanax XR, as it can increase the risk of sedation and dangerous side effects.
- This medication may cause drowsiness or dizziness, so avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until you know how it affects you.
- Do not stop taking Xanax XR suddenly, as this can lead to withdrawal symptoms. Your healthcare provider will guide you on how to taper the dose if needed.
Side Effects of Xanax XR
Common Side Effects
- Drowsiness
- Dizziness
- Fatigue
- Dry mouth
- Headache
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Respiratory depression (slow or shallow breathing)
- Dependence or withdrawal symptoms, especially with long-term use
- Mood changes, such as depression or suicidal thoughts
Risks and Warnings of Xanax XR
- Dependence and Withdrawal: Xanax XR carries a risk of physical dependence, especially with prolonged use or high doses. Sudden discontinuation can lead to withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety, seizures, or tremors. Gradual tapering is recommended under medical supervision.
- Sedation and Impairment: Xanax XR can cause significant sedation, especially when taken with alcohol or other central nervous system depressants. This may impair the ability to perform tasks that require alertness.
- Abuse Potential: As a Schedule IV controlled substance, Xanax XR has a potential for abuse. It should only be used as prescribed by a healthcare provider.
Interactions with Xanax XR
Common Drug Interactions
- CYP3A4 inhibitors: Drugs such as ketoconazole, itraconazole, and clarithromycin can increase alprazolam levels, leading to enhanced sedation and side effects.
- Alcohol: Combining Xanax XR with alcohol can cause severe drowsiness, respiratory depression, and increased risk of overdose.
- Other central nervous system depressants: Opioids, sedatives, and antihistamines may increase the sedative effects of Xanax XR, heightening the risk of dangerous side effects.
Alternatives to Xanax XR
- Klonopin (clonazepam): A benzodiazepine used for anxiety and panic disorders with a longer duration of action.
- Ativan (lorazepam): Another benzodiazepine that treats anxiety, often used for shorter-term relief.
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs): Such as Zoloft (sertraline) or Lexapro (escitalopram), commonly used for long-term management of anxiety disorders.
- Buspirone: A non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic for managing generalized anxiety disorder without the risk of dependence.
