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SUMAtriptan Succinate
Sumatriptan succinate is a serotonin receptor agonist used for the acute treatment of migraine attacks and cluster headaches in adults. It belongs to the triptan class of drugs and works by narrowing blood vessels around the brain, reducing pain and other migraine-related symptoms like nausea, sensitivity to light (photophobia), and sound (phonophobia). It is effective in treating the headache phase of migraines but is not used for prevention or for the treatment of other headache types.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for sumatriptan to start working?
Sumatriptan typically begins to relieve migraine symptoms within 30 to 60 minutes when taken orally and within 15 minutes when given as a subcutaneous injection or nasal spray.
Can I take sumatriptan daily?
Sumatriptan should not be taken more than twice in a 24-hour period. It is intended for acute migraine attacks and not for daily use. Frequent use can lead to medication-overuse headaches.
Can I drive after taking sumatriptan?
Sumatriptan can cause drowsiness or dizziness. It is advised to avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until you know how the medication affects you.
What should I do if sumatriptan doesn’t work for my migraine?
If sumatriptan is not effective after the first dose, consult your healthcare provider. Do not exceed the recommended dose. You may need to try a different medication or dose adjustment.
Is sumatriptan safe during pregnancy?
The safety of sumatriptan during pregnancy has not been fully established. If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, consult your healthcare provider before using sumatriptan.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does SUMAtriptan Succinate Work?
Sumatriptan works by stimulating 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D serotonin receptors found in the brain's blood vessels, which results in vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels). This action decreases inflammation and reduces the transmission of pain signals to the brain. The result is rapid relief from migraine symptoms, including headache pain, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound.
What is SUMAtriptan Succinate Used For?
Common Dosages
- Oral tablets: 25 mg, 50 mg, or 100 mg, typically taken as a single dose at the onset of a migraine.
- Nasal spray: 5 mg or 20 mg per spray, taken in one nostril.
- Subcutaneous injection: 6 mg per injection, for rapid relief.
- Transdermal patch: Delivers 6.5 mg over a period of time.
Typical Dosing
- For migraines:
- Oral tablet: The usual dose is 50 mg or 100 mg at the first sign of a migraine. If symptoms persist, a second dose may be taken after 2 hours, with a maximum of 200 mg per day.
- Nasal spray: 5 mg or 20 mg administered in one nostril at the onset of the migraine. A second dose can be taken after 2 hours, up to a maximum of 40 mg per day.
- Subcutaneous injection: A single 6 mg dose, with a second dose if needed after 1 hour. The maximum daily dose is 12 mg.
- For cluster headaches:
- Subcutaneous injection: 6 mg at the onset of a cluster headache, with the option to take a second dose after 1 hour.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Acute migraine attacks with or without aura in adults.
- Cluster headaches in adults.
Who Shouldn't Take SUMAtriptan Succinate?
- Coronary artery disease or history of heart disease.
- Uncontrolled hypertension.
- History of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).
- Peripheral vascular disease.
- Hemiplegic or basilar migraines.
- Severe liver impairment.
- Hypersensitivity to sumatriptan or any component of the drug.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take sumatriptan as soon as you notice migraine symptoms for the best results. It is not used as a preventive treatment or for treating other types of headaches.
- Do not exceed the prescribed dose, as higher doses do not improve effectiveness and can increase the risk of serious side effects.
- Avoid using sumatriptan with other migraine medications containing ergotamine or triptans within a 24-hour period.
- If you experience chest pain, shortness of breath, or other heart-related symptoms, seek immediate medical attention.
Side Effects of SUMAtriptan Succinate
Common Side Effects
- Dizziness
- Drowsiness
- Flushing (warmth, redness, or tingling in the face or neck)
- Injection site reactions (for subcutaneous form)
- Nausea or vomiting
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Heart attack, stroke, or other cardiovascular complications, especially in people with underlying heart disease or risk factors for heart disease.
- Serotonin syndrome: A potentially life-threatening condition when used with other medications that increase serotonin levels (e.g., SSRIs, SNRIs).
- Severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.
- Hypertension: Sumatriptan can cause significant increases in blood pressure, especially in patients with pre-existing hypertension.
Risks and Warnings of SUMAtriptan Succinate
- Cardiovascular Risk: Sumatriptan can cause vasoconstriction, which may lead to heart attacks, strokes, or other cardiovascular events in susceptible individuals. Patients with heart disease risk factors (e.g., hypertension, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes) should be evaluated by their doctor before using sumatriptan.
- Serotonin Syndrome: Combining sumatriptan with other serotonergic drugs (such as SSRIs, SNRIs, or MAO inhibitors) can lead to serotonin syndrome, which may present with symptoms like confusion, rapid heart rate, and increased body temperature.
- Overuse Headaches: Frequent use of sumatriptan can lead to medication-overuse headaches, where the headache recurs more frequently or becomes more severe.
Interactions with SUMAtriptan Succinate
Common Drug Interactions
- SSRIs/SNRIs: Sumatriptan may increase the risk of serotonin syndrome when taken with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs).
- Ergotamine-containing medications: Using sumatriptan within 24 hours of taking medications like dihydroergotamine can increase the risk of vasospasm.
- MAO inhibitors: These can increase the levels of sumatriptan in the blood, increasing the risk of side effects.
Alternatives to SUMAtriptan Succinate
- Rizatriptan (Maxalt): Another triptan used for migraines with a similar mechanism of action.
- Zolmitriptan (Zomig): Another option for treating migraines, available as a nasal spray, oral tablet, or dissolvable tablet.
- Naratriptan (Amerge): A longer-acting triptan that can be useful for patients prone to rebound headaches.
- Non-triptan alternatives: NSAIDs such as ibuprofen or naproxen may be used for mild to moderate migraines.
