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Opsumit
Opsumit (macitentan) is a pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) medication used to treat adults with this condition. It belongs to a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists, which help improve exercise capacity and delay disease progression by blocking the action of endothelin, a substance in the body that causes blood vessels to constrict. Opsumit is typically used in combination with other treatments for PAH.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Opsumit to start working?
Patients may begin to notice improvements in symptoms within a few weeks, but it may take longer to achieve optimal effects.
Can I take Opsumit with food?
Yes, Opsumit can be taken with or without food. Consistency in how you take it is important.
What should I do if I miss a dose?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue your regular schedule. Do not double up.
Is it safe to use Opsumit during pregnancy?
Opsumit is not safe during pregnancy due to potential risks to the fetus. Women should use effective contraception while taking this medication.
What side effects should I be aware of?
Common side effects include headache and nasal congestion. Report any severe reactions, especially related to liver function, to your healthcare provider immediately.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Opsumit Work?
Opsumit works by selectively antagonizing endothelin-1 (ET-1) receptors (specifically the ETA and ETB receptors). By blocking these receptors, macitentan prevents endothelin from causing vasoconstriction, leading to relaxation and widening of blood vessels in the lungs. This helps lower pulmonary arterial pressure and improves blood flow, which can enhance exercise capacity for patients with PAH.
Common Dosages
- Tablets: 10 mg
Typical Dosing
- Adults: The recommended dose is 10 mg taken orally once daily, with or without food. It is important to take it consistently at the same time each day.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in adults, to improve exercise capacity and delay clinical worsening.
Who Shouldn't Take Opsumit?
- Known hypersensitivity to macitentan or any component of the formulation
- Severe liver impairment (Child-Pugh Class C)
- Pregnancy (due to risks to the fetus)
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take Opsumit exactly as prescribed and do not exceed the recommended dose.
- Regular monitoring of liver function tests is recommended, as macitentan can affect liver enzymes.
- Women of childbearing potential should use effective contraception during treatment and for at least 3 months after discontinuation due to potential risks in pregnancy.
- If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is almost time for your next dose. Do not double up.
Side Effects of Opsumit
Common Side Effects
- Headache
- Nasal congestion
- Anemia
- Upper respiratory tract infections
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Liver enzyme elevations
- Hypotension (low blood pressure)
- Allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling)
Risks and Warnings of Opsumit
- Liver Function: Monitor liver function tests regularly, as Opsumit can cause liver enzyme elevations. Discontinue use if significant liver problems occur.
- Pregnancy Risk: Opsumit can cause fetal harm; women should avoid pregnancy during treatment and use effective contraception.
- Blood Pressure Monitoring: Regular monitoring of blood pressure is advised, especially during the initiation of therapy.
Interactions with Opsumit
Common Drug Interactions
- Cytochrome P450 Inducers/Inhibitors: Drugs that affect liver enzymes (e.g., rifampin, ketoconazole) may alter macitentan levels. Consult your healthcare provider regarding other medications.
- Other PAH Treatments: Use with caution when combining with other pulmonary hypertension therapies, as the effects on blood pressure can be additive.
Alternatives to Opsumit
- Other Endothelin Receptor Antagonists: Such as bosentan or ambrisentan for treating PAH.
- Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors: Such as sildenafil or tadalafil, which can also be used for PAH management.
- Prostacyclin Analogs: Such as epoprostenol or treprostinil for more severe cases of PAH.
