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Nitrofurantoin
Nitrofurantoin is an antibiotic commonly prescribed to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs). It belongs to a class of medications known as nitrofuran antibacterials, which work by stopping the growth of bacteria in the urinary tract. Nitrofurantoin is often prescribed for both the treatment and prevention of UTIs. It is particularly effective against certain strains of bacteria commonly found in the urinary system, helping to alleviate symptoms like pain, burning during urination, and frequent urges to urinate.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What should I do if I miss a dose of nitrofurantoin?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember, but skip it if your next dose is due soon. Never double up on doses to make up for a missed one.
Can I take nitrofurantoin with food?
Yes, it is recommended to take nitrofurantoin with food to prevent stomach upset and ensure proper absorption.
How long does it take for nitrofurantoin to work?
You may start feeling relief within a couple of days, but it is important to complete the full course of treatment, usually 5-7 days, to ensure the infection is fully treated.
Can I drink alcohol while taking nitrofurantoin?
It is generally safe to consume alcohol in moderation while taking nitrofurantoin, but drinking alcohol may worsen some side effects, like nausea or stomach upset.
Does nitrofurantoin cause weight gain?
Weight gain is not a common side effect of nitrofurantoin. However, if you experience unexpected changes in your weight, contact your healthcare provider.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Nitrofurantoin Work?
Nitrofurantoin works by damaging bacterial DNA, which stops the bacteria from growing and multiplying. Since it primarily accumulates in the urine, it is especially effective in treating infections of the bladder and urinary tract. By preventing the bacteria from spreading, nitrofurantoin helps the body’s immune system clear the infection more quickly.
What is Nitrofurantoin Used For?
Common Dosages
Nitrofurantoin is available in several forms:
- Capsules: 25 mg, 50 mg, and 100 mg
- Extended-release capsules: 100 mg
- Liquid suspension: 25 mg/5 mL
Typical Dosing
For adults:
- Treatment of UTIs: The typical dose is 50 mg to 100 mg every 6 hours, depending on the severity of the infection. Treatment usually lasts 5-7 days.
- Prevention of UTIs: 50 mg to 100 mg once daily at bedtime or as directed by your doctor.
For children, the dose is based on weight, and a doctor will determine the appropriate amount.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Treating urinary tract infections (acute cystitis)
- Preventing recurring urinary tract infections
It is not typically used for kidney infections (pyelonephritis) or infections outside of the urinary tract.
Who Shouldn't Take Nitrofurantoin?
- Severe kidney disease
- Late-stage pregnancy (especially close to delivery)
- A history of allergic reactions to nitrofurantoin or similar antibiotics
- Patients with a condition called G6PD deficiency (a genetic enzyme disorder)
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Nitrofurantoin should be taken with food to improve absorption and reduce the risk of stomach upset.
- Drink plenty of water while taking this medication to help flush bacteria from the urinary system.
- Avoid antacids that contain magnesium, as they can reduce the effectiveness of nitrofurantoin.
- If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, but skip it if it’s close to the time of your next dose.
- Always complete the full course of the medication, even if you feel better, to prevent the infection from returning.
Side Effects of Nitrofurantoin
Common Side Effects
- Nausea or vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Loss of appetite
- Headache
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Lung problems (shortness of breath, coughing, or chest pain)
- Liver damage (jaundice or dark urine)
- Severe allergic reactions (swelling of the face, lips, or throat)
Risks and Warnings of Nitrofurantoin
- Nitrofurantoin is generally safe for most people, but it should not be used in patients with severe kidney disease, as it may not reach effective concentrations in the urine.
- Pregnant women, particularly those in the last few weeks of pregnancy, should avoid using this drug, as it can affect the baby’s red blood cells.
- Prolonged use of nitrofurantoin may cause lung or liver problems, so it’s important to take it only as prescribed and for the recommended duration.
Interactions with Nitrofurantoin
Common Drug Interactions
- Magnesium-containing antacids, which reduce its effectiveness
- Certain blood thinners, such as warfarin
- Gout medications, like probenecid, which may increase the risk of side effects
Alternatives to Nitrofurantoin
- Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
- Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
- Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin)
