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Cipro
Cipro (Ciprofloxacin) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections (UTIs), respiratory infections, skin infections, and gastrointestinal infections. It belongs to the fluoroquinolone class of antibiotics, which work by inhibiting bacterial DNA replication. Cipro is often prescribed for bacterial infections that do not respond to other antibiotics and is available in oral, intravenous, and topical formulations. It is widely used in both outpatient and hospital settings to treat serious bacterial infections.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Cipro to start working?
Most people begin to feel better within 1 to 2 days of starting Cipro, but it is essential to complete the full course to fully eliminate the infection.
Can I take Cipro with food?
Yes, you can take Cipro with or without food. However, avoid dairy products or calcium-fortified juices, as they may interfere with absorption.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Cipro?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is close to your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double up on doses.
Can I drink alcohol while taking Cipro?
It’s best to avoid alcohol while taking Cipro, as alcohol may increase the risk of certain side effects like dizziness or upset stomach.
Is Cipro safe for children?
Cipro is generally not recommended for children under 18 due to the risk of joint and tendon problems. However, it may be used in severe infections under medical supervision.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Cipro Work?
Cipro works by inhibiting two key bacterial enzymes, DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, both of which are essential for bacterial DNA replication and repair. By blocking these enzymes, Cipro prevents the bacteria from dividing and growing, ultimately leading to bacterial cell death. This makes Cipro effective against a wide range of bacterial infections, particularly Gram-negative bacteria.
Common Dosages
- Oral Tablets: 250 mg, 500 mg, 750 mg
- Oral Suspension: 250 mg/5 mL, 500 mg/5 mL
- Intravenous Solution: 200 mg/100 mL, 400 mg/200 mL
- Eye/Ear Drops: 0.3% solution
Typical Dosing
- For urinary tract infections (UTIs): 250 mg to 500 mg orally every 12 hours for 3 to 14 days, depending on the severity.
- For respiratory infections: 500 mg to 750 mg orally every 12 hours for 7 to 14 days.
- For skin infections: 500 mg to 750 mg orally every 12 hours for 7 to 14 days.
- For severe infections or intravenous administration: Dosing varies based on the type and severity of the infection.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
- Respiratory infections, including pneumonia and bronchitis
- Skin and soft tissue infections
- Infectious diarrhea caused by certain bacteria
- Bone and joint infections
- Certain sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including gonorrhea
- Anthrax (inhalational exposure)
Who Shouldn't Take Cipro?
- Hypersensitivity to ciprofloxacin or other fluoroquinolones
- Myasthenia gravis (Cipro can worsen symptoms)
- Tendon disorders or history of tendonitis linked to fluoroquinolone use
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take Cipro with or without food, but avoid taking it with dairy products or calcium-fortified juices, as they can reduce absorption.
- Avoid taking antacids or supplements containing magnesium, calcium, aluminum, or iron within 2 hours before or after taking Cipro.
- Drink plenty of water to stay hydrated and support the elimination of bacteria.
- Limit sun exposure while using Cipro, as it can make your skin more sensitive to sunlight.
- Finish the full course of treatment, even if symptoms improve, to prevent bacterial resistance.
Side Effects of Cipro
Common Side Effects
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Rash
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Tendon rupture or swelling (especially in older adults)
- Severe allergic reactions (rash, swelling, breathing difficulty)
- Peripheral neuropathy (nerve damage causing tingling or weakness)
- Mood or behavior changes (confusion, agitation)
Risks and Warnings of Cipro
- Tendon Rupture: Cipro is associated with an increased risk of tendonitis and tendon rupture, especially in older adults, athletes, and those taking corticosteroids.
- Peripheral Neuropathy: Cipro may cause nerve damage, leading to pain, numbness, or weakness. Discontinue use if these symptoms occur.
- Myasthenia Gravis: Cipro may worsen muscle weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis.
- Photosensitivity: Cipro can increase your skin's sensitivity to sunlight. Use sunscreen and protective clothing to avoid sunburn.
Interactions with Cipro
Common Drug Interactions
- Antacids and Supplements: Magnesium, aluminum, calcium, iron, and zinc-containing products can reduce the absorption of Cipro. Space doses by at least 2 hours.
- Warfarin: Cipro may increase the effects of warfarin, raising the risk of bleeding. Close monitoring of INR levels is necessary.
- Theophylline: Cipro can increase blood levels of theophylline, leading to potential toxicity. Watch for signs like nausea, vomiting, or seizures.
Alternatives to Cipro
- Levofloxacin: A fluoroquinolone with similar antibacterial coverage, often used when Cipro is not suitable.
- Amoxicillin-Clavulanate: An antibiotic combination commonly used for respiratory and urinary tract infections.
- Cephalexin: A cephalosporin antibiotic used for skin and soft tissue infections.
- Nitrofurantoin: An antibiotic used primarily for treating urinary tract infections.
