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Augmentin
Augmentin is a combination antibiotic containing amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium. It is used to treat various bacterial infections, including sinusitis, pneumonia, ear infections, urinary tract infections (UTIs), and skin infections. Amoxicillin is a penicillin-class antibiotic that kills bacteria, while clavulanate potassium helps prevent certain bacteria from becoming resistant by inhibiting beta-lactamase, an enzyme that breaks down amoxicillin.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Augmentin to work?
You may start to feel better within a few days of taking Augmentin, but it’s important to complete the full course of treatment, which typically lasts 7 to 10 days.
Can I take Augmentin on an empty stomach?
It’s recommended to take Augmentin with food to reduce the risk of stomach upset and improve absorption.
What should I do if I develop diarrhea while taking Augmentin?
Mild diarrhea is a common side effect, but if you develop severe diarrhea or diarrhea that is watery or bloody, contact your doctor immediately as it may indicate C. difficile infection.
Is Augmentin safe during pregnancy?
Augmentin is generally considered safe during pregnancy, but you should consult your healthcare provider before starting any medication during pregnancy.
Can I drink alcohol while taking Augmentin?
While alcohol does not directly interact with Augmentin, it can worsen side effects like nausea or upset stomach. It’s best to limit alcohol consumption while on antibiotics.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Augmentin Work?
- Amoxicillin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, leading to bacterial death.
- Clavulanate potassium inhibits beta-lactamase enzymes, which are produced by bacteria to resist penicillin-class antibiotics. This makes amoxicillin more effective against resistant bacteria.
Common Dosages
- Tablets: 250 mg/125 mg, 500 mg/125 mg, 875 mg/125 mg
- Chewable tablets: 200 mg/28.5 mg, 400 mg/57 mg
- Oral suspension: 125 mg/31.25 mg per 5 mL, 200 mg/28.5 mg per 5 mL, 400 mg/57 mg per 5 mL
Typical Dosing
- For adults: The usual dose for mild to moderate infections is 500 mg/125 mg every 12 hours, or 875 mg/125 mg every 12 hours for more severe infections.
- For children: The dosing is based on weight, and the oral suspension is typically used for pediatric patients.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Sinusitis
- Pneumonia
- Bronchitis
- Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
- Ear infections (otitis media)
- Skin and soft tissue infections
Who Shouldn't Take Augmentin?
- Severe allergic reactions to penicillin, amoxicillin, or any other beta-lactam antibiotics
- History of cholestatic jaundice or hepatic dysfunction associated with previous Augmentin use
- Severe renal impairment, unless properly adjusted by a healthcare provider
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Augmentin should be taken at the start of a meal to improve absorption and reduce the risk of stomach upset.
- Finish the entire course of antibiotics, even if symptoms improve, to prevent bacterial resistance.
- If using the oral suspension, shake the bottle well before each dose and store it in the refrigerator.
- If you miss a dose, take it as soon as possible. If it's close to your next dose, skip the missed dose—do not double up.
Side Effects of Augmentin
Common Side Effects
- Diarrhea
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Rash
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Severe allergic reactions (such as anaphylaxis)
- Liver dysfunction (jaundice, dark urine)
- Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (severe diarrhea)
Risks and Warnings of Augmentin
- Allergic reactions: Patients with a known allergy to penicillin or cephalosporin antibiotics should avoid Augmentin due to the risk of anaphylaxis.
- Liver toxicity: Augmentin may cause liver dysfunction, including cholestatic jaundice. Regular monitoring of liver function is advised in patients with pre-existing liver conditions.
- C. difficile-associated diarrhea: Prolonged use of Augmentin may lead to severe diarrhea caused by C. difficile, which can occur even after treatment has been completed.
Interactions with Augmentin
Common Drug Interactions
- Oral contraceptives: Augmentin may reduce the effectiveness of hormonal birth control pills. Use additional forms of contraception while taking Augmentin.
- Warfarin: Augmentin may increase the effects of warfarin, leading to a higher risk of bleeding. Patients on warfarin should have their INR monitored.
- Allopurinol: Concurrent use may increase the risk of developing a rash.
Alternatives to Augmentin
- Amoxicillin: A single-agent penicillin-class antibiotic used for less resistant bacterial infections.
- Cefuroxime: A second-generation cephalosporin used for a broad range of infections.
- Azithromycin: A macrolide antibiotic that can be used for patients allergic to penicillin.
- Levofloxacin: A fluoroquinolone antibiotic used for respiratory and urinary tract infections, especially in cases of penicillin resistance.
