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Maxitrol
Maxitrol is a combination medication containing neomycin, polymyxin B, and dexamethasone, used to treat inflammatory eye conditions where there is also a risk of bacterial infection. It combines the anti-inflammatory effects of dexamethasone (a corticosteroid) with the antibacterial properties of neomycin and polymyxin B, which are antibiotics. Maxitrol is commonly prescribed for eye infections such as conjunctivitis or after eye surgery to reduce inflammation and prevent bacterial infections.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Maxitrol to work?
Maxitrol typically starts reducing inflammation and symptoms within a few days. However, the duration of treatment depends on the severity of the condition, and it's important to complete the full course as prescribed by your doctor.
Can I use Maxitrol for a long time?
Maxitrol should not be used long-term without close monitoring by a healthcare provider due to the risk of increased intraocular pressure and cataracts. Prolonged use may also increase the risk of secondary infections.
Can I wear contact lenses while using Maxitrol?
No, you should remove contact lenses before applying Maxitrol and wait at least 15 minutes before reinserting them. Wearing contacts while using Maxitrol can cause discomfort and increase the risk of contamination.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Maxitrol?
If you miss a dose, apply it as soon as you remember. If it is close to your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and return to your normal dosing schedule. Do not use extra drops to make up for a missed dose.
Can Maxitrol treat viral or fungal infections of the eye?
No, Maxitrol is not effective against viral or fungal infections. It is used to treat bacterial infections and inflammation. If you have a viral or fungal infection, your doctor will prescribe appropriate treatment.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Maxitrol Work?
Maxitrol works by combining the anti-inflammatory properties of dexamethasone, a corticosteroid that reduces swelling, redness, and irritation, with the antibacterial effects of neomycin and polymyxin B. Neomycin works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, while polymyxin B disrupts bacterial cell membranes, leading to the death of bacteria. This combination treats eye inflammation and helps prevent or treat bacterial infections.
Common Dosages
- Ophthalmic suspension (eye drops): 1% dexamethasone, 3,500 units of polymyxin B, and 0.35 mg of neomycin per mL.
- Ophthalmic ointment: Contains similar concentrations of dexamethasone, polymyxin B, and neomycin.
The typical dosage varies based on the severity of the condition.
Typical Dosing
- For mild infections: Apply 1 to 2 drops of the ophthalmic suspension four to six times a day or as directed by your doctor.
- For severe infections: Apply 1 to 2 drops every hour during waking hours, then taper down as the infection improves.
- For the ointment: Apply a small amount (approximately 1/2 inch) inside the lower eyelid two to four times daily or as directed by your doctor.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Treatment of inflammation in the eyes when there is a risk of bacterial infection.
- Post-operative inflammation following eye surgery.
- Bacterial conjunctivitis and other eye infections that involve inflammation.
Who Shouldn't Take Maxitrol?
- Viral infections of the eye, including herpes simplex, vaccinia, and varicella (chickenpox).
- Fungal infections of the eye.
- Untreated purulent eye infections.
- Known hypersensitivity or allergy to neomycin, polymyxin B, dexamethasone, or other components of the formulation.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Shake the suspension well before using the eye drops to ensure proper mixing of the medication.
- To avoid contamination, do not let the dropper tip touch any surface, including the eye or hands.
- If using multiple eye medications, wait at least 5 minutes between different eye drops to allow proper absorption.
- Remove contact lenses before applying Maxitrol and wait at least 15 minutes before reinserting them, as the medication may cause discomfort or contamination.
- Complete the full course of treatment even if your symptoms improve early, to prevent the risk of infection returning.
Side Effects of Maxitrol
Common Side Effects
- Temporary stinging or burning after applying the drops or ointment.
- Blurred vision immediately after applying.
- Eye irritation or redness.
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Increased intraocular pressure, which can lead to glaucoma.
- Cataract formation with long-term use.
- Delayed wound healing.
- Secondary infections, including fungal infections.
Risks and Warnings of Maxitrol
- Increased Intraocular Pressure: Like other corticosteroids, Maxitrol can raise intraocular pressure (IOP), leading to glaucoma, especially with long-term use. Patients should be monitored for increases in eye pressure during treatment.
- Cataract Formation: Prolonged use of Maxitrol, especially in high doses, can lead to the development of cataracts. Limit long-term use unless directed by your healthcare provider.
- Infection Risk: Maxitrol can increase the risk of secondary infections, including fungal infections. If symptoms worsen or new signs of infection appear, contact your doctor immediately.
- Delayed Healing: Corticosteroids can delay wound healing, especially after eye surgery. Use as directed by your doctor.
Interactions with Maxitrol
Common Drug Interactions
- Other ophthalmic corticosteroids: Combining them may increase the risk of elevated intraocular pressure.
- Antibiotics: Avoid using systemic aminoglycosides with Maxitrol to reduce the risk of toxicity from the neomycin component.
Alternatives to Maxitrol
- Tobradex (tobramycin and dexamethasone): A similar combination of antibiotic and corticosteroid for treating inflammation and infection of the eye.
- Prednisolone acetate: An anti-inflammatory corticosteroid used for treating eye inflammation.
- Neosporin Ophthalmic: A combination of neomycin, polymyxin B, and bacitracin used to treat bacterial eye infections without corticosteroids.
- FML (fluorometholone): A corticosteroid eye drop for treating eye inflammation without an antibiotic component.
