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Dilantin Infatabs
Dilantin Infatabs (phenytoin) is an anticonvulsant medication used to control seizures in patients with epilepsy, specifically for the prevention of tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures and complex partial seizures. Phenytoin works by stabilizing neuronal membranes and reducing seizure activity. Dilantin Infatabs are chewable tablets designed for use in children and adults who may have difficulty swallowing regular tablets.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Dilantin Infatabs to start working?
Phenytoin usually starts controlling seizures within 1 to 2 weeks after beginning treatment, though full therapeutic effects may take longer to stabilize.
Can I take Dilantin Infatabs long-term?
Yes, Dilantin is often used as a long-term therapy for seizure management, but regular blood tests are required to ensure safe and effective use over time.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Dilantin Infatabs?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember, unless it’s close to the time for your next dose. Do not take an extra dose to make up for the missed one.
Can I take Dilantin Infatabs with other medications?
Some medications can interact with phenytoin, altering its effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects. Always inform your healthcare provider about any other medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs.
Is Dilantin Infatabs safe during pregnancy?
Phenytoin can cause harm to the fetus, especially during the first trimester. It should only be used during pregnancy if the benefits outweigh the risks. Women taking Dilantin should consult their healthcare provider about pregnancy planning and alternative treatments.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Dilantin Infatabs Work?
Phenytoin works by blocking voltage-dependent sodium channels in neurons, which stabilizes the neuronal membranes and decreases excitability. This action helps to reduce the abnormal electrical activity in the brain that leads to seizures.
What is Dilantin Infatabs Used For?
- Control of tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures
- Prevention and control of complex partial seizures
Common Dosages
Dilantin Infatabs are available in:
- 50 mg chewable tablets
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- For adults, the usual maintenance dose ranges from 300 mg to 400 mg per day, divided into multiple doses. Dosing is individualized based on therapeutic response and blood levels.
Off-Label Uses
- For off-label uses:
- Neuropathic pain: 100-200mg per day
- Arrhythmias: The dose varies as per the severity of the condition and the doctor's insight.
Pediatric Dosing
- For children, the typical starting dose is 5 mg/kg/day divided into two or three doses.
Who Shouldn't Take Dilantin Infatabs?
Dilantin Infatabs should not be used in individuals with:
- Known hypersensitivity to phenytoin or other hydantoins
- Sinus bradycardia, heart block, or Adams-Stokes syndrome
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Dilantin Infatabs can be chewed or swallowed whole with water. Take the medication at the same time each day to maintain consistent blood levels.
- It is important to monitor phenytoin blood levels regularly, as the drug has a narrow therapeutic range. Signs of toxicity include dizziness, drowsiness, slurred speech, and unsteady movements.
- Do not stop taking Dilantin Infatabs abruptly, as this can lead to increased seizure frequency. Consult your healthcare provider for guidance if you need to adjust or discontinue use.
- Maintain good oral hygiene while taking Dilantin, as it may cause gum overgrowth (gingival hyperplasia).
Side Effects of Dilantin Infatabs
Common Side Effects
- Drowsiness
- Dizziness
- Slurred speech
- Nausea
- Gingival hyperplasia (gum overgrowth)
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome or other severe skin reactions
- Liver toxicity
- Bone marrow suppression (low blood cell counts)
- Severe allergic reactions (rash, swelling, difficulty breathing)
Risks and Warnings of Dilantin Infatabs
- Toxicity Risk: Phenytoin has a narrow therapeutic window, meaning small changes in dose or blood levels can lead to toxicity. Symptoms of toxicity include confusion, ataxia (uncoordinated movements), and nystagmus (involuntary eye movement). Regular monitoring of blood levels is important.
- Serious Skin Reactions: Phenytoin can cause serious and potentially life-threatening skin reactions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Seek immediate medical attention if you develop a rash.
- Bone Health: Long-term use of Dilantin may lead to a reduction in bone density, increasing the risk of fractures.
Interactions with Dilantin Infatabs
Common Drug Interactions
- Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin): Phenytoin can interfere with the effectiveness of blood thinners, requiring adjustments in dosing.
- Oral contraceptives: Phenytoin may reduce the effectiveness of hormonal birth control. Consider using additional non-hormonal methods of contraception.
- Antifungal drugs (e.g., fluconazole): May increase phenytoin blood levels, raising the risk of toxicity.
Alternatives to Dilantin Infatabs
- Valproic acid (Depakote): Another anticonvulsant used for various types of seizures.
- Carbamazepine (Tegretol): Often used to treat partial seizures.
- Lamotrigine (Lamictal): A newer anticonvulsant with fewer side effects.
- Levetiracetam (Keppra): Commonly prescribed for a broad range of seizure types.
