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Diclofenac Sodium
Diclofenac Sodium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation in conditions such as arthritis, muscle pain, dental pain, and menstrual cramps. It works by inhibiting the production of certain natural substances (prostaglandins) in the body that cause inflammation. Diclofenac is available in oral, topical, and injectable forms.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Diclofenac Sodium to start working?
Diclofenac typically begins to relieve pain and inflammation within 30 minutes to 1 hour after oral administration.
Can I take Diclofenac Sodium with other pain relievers?
It is best to avoid taking Diclofenac Sodium with other NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen or naproxen, as this can increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. Consult your healthcare provider for specific recommendations.
Is Diclofenac Sodium safe for long-term use?
Long-term use of Diclofenac Sodium can increase the risk of heart attack, stroke, gastrointestinal bleeding, and kidney damage. Use should be carefully monitored by a healthcare provider.
Can Diclofenac Sodium cause weight gain?
While not common, some patients may experience fluid retention or swelling, which could lead to weight gain. Contact your healthcare provider if you notice significant swelling or weight changes.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Diclofenac Sodium?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it’s close to the time of your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not double the dose to catch up.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Diclofenac Sodium Work?
Diclofenac works by blocking the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), which is responsible for the production of prostaglandins, chemicals in the body that cause pain and inflammation. By reducing prostaglandin production, diclofenac alleviates pain, swelling, and joint stiffness.
What is Diclofenac Sodium Used For?
- Osteoarthritis
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Ankylosing spondylitis
- Acute pain
- Menstrual cramps
- Migraine attacks
- Actinic keratosis (topical form)
Common Dosages
Diclofenac Sodium is available in the following forms and strengths:
- Tablets: 50 mg, 75 mg, 100 mg extended-release
- Topical gel: 1%, 3%
- Injectable solution: 25 mg/mL
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- For pain relief in arthritis, the typical dose is 50 mg to 75 mg orally two to three times daily, or 100 mg extended-release once daily.
- For topical use, apply the 1% gel to the affected area four times daily.
Who Shouldn't Take Diclofenac Sodium?
Diclofenac Sodium should not be used in individuals with:
- History of allergic reaction to aspirin or other NSAIDs
- Active gastrointestinal bleeding or peptic ulcer disease
- Severe kidney or liver impairment
- History of heart attack or stroke
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take Diclofenac Sodium with food or milk to reduce the risk of stomach upset or gastrointestinal bleeding.
- Do not apply the topical gel to broken or irritated skin. Avoid excessive sun exposure on the treated area, as diclofenac can increase sun sensitivity.
- Avoid alcohol consumption while using this medication, as it may increase the risk of stomach bleeding.
- Inform your healthcare provider if you experience any signs of stomach pain, bloody stools, or chest pain while taking Diclofenac Sodium.
Side Effects of Diclofenac Sodium
Common Side Effects
- Nausea
- Stomach pain
- Diarrhea
- Dizziness
- Headache
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Gastrointestinal bleeding or ulcers
- Heart attack or stroke
- Kidney damage
- Liver toxicity
- Severe skin reactions
Risks and Warnings of Diclofenac Sodium
Cardiovascular Risk: Long-term use of NSAIDs like diclofenac may increase the risk of serious cardiovascular events, including heart attack or stroke, especially in patients with a history of cardiovascular disease.
Gastrointestinal Risk: Diclofenac can cause serious gastrointestinal side effects such as ulcers, bleeding, and perforation. Patients with a history of stomach problems or those using other NSAIDs are at higher risk.
Kidney and Liver Damage: Prolonged use of diclofenac can impair kidney and liver function. Regular monitoring may be required, especially in patients with pre-existing conditions.
Interactions with Diclofenac Sodium
Common Drug Interactions
- Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin): Increases the risk of bleeding when used with diclofenac.
- Other NSAIDs or corticosteroids: Combining these increases the risk of stomach ulcers and bleeding.
- ACE inhibitors or diuretics: Diclofenac may reduce the effectiveness of these medications for blood pressure control.
Alternatives to Diclofenac Sodium
- Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin): A widely used over-the-counter NSAID for pain and inflammation.
- Naproxen (Aleve): Another NSAID commonly used for arthritis, muscle pain, and menstrual cramps.
- Celecoxib (Celebrex): A COX-2 selective NSAID with a lower risk of gastrointestinal side effects.
- Acetaminophen (Tylenol): An alternative pain reliever with no anti-inflammatory properties and fewer gastrointestinal risks.
