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Cefadroxil
Cefadroxil is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. Cefadroxil is commonly prescribed for conditions like skin infections, throat infections (pharyngitis), tonsillitis, urinary tract infections (UTIs), and certain types of pneumonia. As a first-generation cephalosporin, it is particularly effective against gram-positive bacteria but also has activity against some gram-negative bacteria.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for cefadroxil to start working?
Cefadroxil typically starts to relieve symptoms within a few days of starting treatment. However, it is important to complete the full course of the antibiotic to ensure the infection is fully treated.
Can I take cefadroxil if I’m allergic to penicillin?
Some people with penicillin allergies may also be allergic to cephalosporins like cefadroxil. If you have a penicillin allergy, inform your doctor before taking cefadroxil.
What should I do if I miss a dose of cefadroxil?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the next dose at your regular time. Do not double the dose to make up for the missed one.
Can I take cefadroxil with food?
Yes, cefadroxil can be taken with or without food. Taking it with food may help reduce stomach upset.
What should I do if I experience severe diarrhea while taking cefadroxil?
If you experience persistent or severe diarrhea, contact your healthcare provider. This may be a sign of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, which requires medical attention.
Is cefadroxil safe for children?
Yes, cefadroxil is commonly prescribed to children for bacterial infections, though the dose is adjusted based on the child's weight and age. Always follow the healthcare provider’s dosing instructions for children.
Can cefadroxil treat viral infections like the flu?
No, cefadroxil is an antibiotic and only works against bacterial infections. It is not effective against viral infections such as the common cold or flu.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Cefadroxil Work?
Cefadroxil works by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside bacterial cell walls. This interferes with the final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis, leading to cell lysis (death of the bacteria). It is bactericidal, meaning it kills bacteria rather than merely stopping their growth.
Common Dosages
- Adults:
- Pharyngitis, Skin Infections, UTIs: 1 gram per day, either as a single dose or divided into two doses (500 mg twice daily).
- Children:
- Pharyngitis, Tonsillitis: 30 mg/kg per day in divided doses every 12 hours.
The exact dose may vary based on the patient’s weight, age, and severity of the infection.
Typical Dosing
- Administration: Cefadroxil can be taken with or without food, but taking it with food may help reduce stomach upset. The oral suspension should be shaken well before use, and the dose should be measured using a specialized spoon or dosing syringe.
- Frequency: Depending on the infection, cefadroxil is typically taken once or twice daily.
- Duration of Use: The duration of treatment varies, but it is typically prescribed for 7 to 14 days, depending on the infection and patient response
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis: Caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Including cystitis and pyelonephritis caused by susceptible bacteria.
- Skin and Skin Structure Infections: Caused by Staphylococcus aureus (including beta-lactamase-producing strains) and Streptococcus pyogenes.
- Bone and Joint Infections: In certain cases, cefadroxil can be used for susceptible bacterial infections of the bones or joints.
Who Shouldn't Take Cefadroxil?
- Hypersensitivity to cefadroxil or other cephalosporins.
- Previous anaphylactic reactions to penicillins, due to cross-reactivity in some patients.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Complete the entire prescribed course, even if symptoms improve before the medication is finished, to prevent the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
- Take the medication at evenly spaced intervals to maintain consistent levels in the body.
- Use a proper measuring device for liquid forms, rather than a household spoon, to ensure an accurate dose.
- Store the oral suspension in the refrigerator and discard any unused portion after 14 days.
- Contact a healthcare provider if they experience signs of an allergic reaction, such as rash, itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing.
- Inform their doctor if they are taking other antibiotics or medications that might interact with cefadroxil, such as warfarin or probenecid.
Side Effects of Cefadroxil
Common Side Effects
- Diarrhea
- Nausea or vomiting
- Stomach pain or cramping
- Rash
- Headache
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Severe Allergic Reactions (Anaphylaxis): Symptoms include swelling, hives, difficulty breathing, and severe rash.
- Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea (CDAD): Antibiotics can disrupt the normal gut flora, leading to overgrowth of harmful bacteria such as C. difficile, causing severe diarrhea.
- Blood Disorders: Rarely, cefadroxil may cause changes in blood cell counts, including neutropenia or thrombocytopenia.
Risks and Warnings of Cefadroxil
- Allergic Reactions: Patients with a history of cephalosporin or penicillin allergies should use cefadroxil with caution, as cross-reactivity may occur.
- Clostridium difficile Infection: Prolonged use of antibiotics like cefadroxil can lead to the overgrowth of C. difficile, resulting in severe diarrhea. Patients experiencing persistent diarrhea should inform their healthcare provider.
- Kidney Function: Cefadroxil is eliminated through the kidneys. In patients with kidney impairment, dosing adjustments may be necessary to avoid toxicity.
Interactions with Cefadroxil
Common Drug Interactions
- Probenecid: Increases the level of cefadroxil in the blood by reducing its excretion by the kidneys, potentially increasing the risk of side effects.
- Warfarin: Cephalosporins like cefadroxil can increase the anticoagulant effect of warfarin, raising the risk of bleeding.
- Live Bacterial Vaccines: Antibiotics like cefadroxil can reduce the effectiveness of certain live vaccines, such as the typhoid vaccine.
Alternatives to Cefadroxil
- Other Cephalosporins: Such as cephalexin or cefuroxime, which have similar bacterial coverage.
- Penicillins: Such as amoxicillin, for patients who do not have a penicillin allergy.
- Macrolides: Such as azithromycin or clarithromycin, which are often used as alternatives in patients allergic to penicillin or cephalosporins.
- Fluoroquinolones: Such as ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin, which may be used for certain types of bacterial infections but carry a different risk profile.
