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acetaZOLAMIDE ER
Acetazolamide ER (Extended Release) is the generic version of the brand name Diamox Sequels. It is a medication commonly prescribed for managing conditions such as glaucoma, certain types of seizures, and altitude sickness. Belonging to a class of drugs known as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, acetazolamide ER helps reduce fluid buildup in the body and lower pressure inside the eye. Its extended-release formulation allows for a steady release of the medication over time, providing prolonged effects and reducing the frequency of dosing. This makes it a convenient option for patients who require continuous management of their condition.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for acetazolamide ER to start working?
Acetazolamide ER typically starts working within 1 to 2 hours after taking it, though it may take several days of regular use to see full effects, especially in conditions like glaucoma or edema.
What should I do if I miss a dose?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the next one as scheduled. Do not double the dose to make up for the missed one.
Can I drink alcohol while taking acetazolamide ER?
It is best to avoid alcohol while taking acetazolamide ER, as it can increase the risk of dizziness, drowsiness, and dehydration.
Can acetazolamide ER cause kidney stones?
Yes, acetazolamide ER can increase the risk of kidney stones, so it is important to drink plenty of water while taking this medication to help prevent them.
How should I store acetazolamide ER?
Store acetazolamide ER at room temperature, away from moisture and heat, and keep it out of reach of children.
Is acetazolamide ER safe for long-term use?
Acetazolamide ER can be used long-term under medical supervision, but it requires regular monitoring for side effects, particularly electrolyte imbalances and kidney function.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does acetaZOLAMIDE ER Work?
Acetazolamide ER works by inhibiting the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which plays a key role in the production of bicarbonate in the body. This action reduces the production of aqueous humor in the eye, lowering intraocular pressure in glaucoma. In the kidneys, it promotes the excretion of bicarbonate, leading to increased urine output and reduced fluid accumulation. This mechanism is also beneficial in preventing altitude sickness by balancing pH levels in the blood and reducing the risk of symptoms such as headache, nausea, and fatigue.
What is acetaZOLAMIDE ER Used For?
Common Dosages
Acetazolamide ER is typically available in the following strength:
- Extended-release capsules: 500 mg
The dosage prescribed will depend on the condition being treated, the patient’s response, and any other medical considerations.
The typical dosing for acetazolamide ER varies depending on the condition:
- Glaucoma: 500 mg to 1,000 mg per day, usually taken in divided doses.
- Seizures: 500 mg to 1,000 mg per day, depending on the patient’s response.
- Altitude Sickness: 500 mg every 12 hours, starting 1 to 2 days before ascent and continuing for at least 48 hours at altitude.
- Edema: 500 mg to 1,000 mg per day, typically taken in divided doses.
Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions regarding dosage and duration of use.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
Acetazolamide ER is FDA-approved for several conditions, including:
- Glaucoma: To lower intraocular pressure and prevent damage to the optic nerve.
- Seizures: As an adjunct treatment for certain types of seizures, particularly absence seizures.
- Altitude Sickness: To prevent and reduce the severity of symptoms related to acute mountain sickness.
- Edema: To reduce fluid retention associated with conditions like congestive heart failure and drug-induced edema.
Off-label uses may include the treatment of periodic paralysis and certain metabolic disorders, though these should be discussed with a healthcare provider.
Who Shouldn't Take acetaZOLAMIDE ER?
Acetazolamide ER should not be used in individuals who have:
- A known hypersensitivity to acetazolamide or sulfonamides.
- Severe liver or kidney disease.
- Adrenal gland failure (Addison's disease).
- Hyperchloremic acidosis (an electrolyte imbalance).
It should also be used with caution in patients with electrolyte imbalances, respiratory acidosis, or a history of kidney stones.
Advice From The Pharmacist
When taking acetazolamide ER, it is important to follow your healthcare provider’s instructions closely. Take the medication with food if it causes stomach upset, and make sure to stay hydrated to reduce the risk of kidney stones. Avoid alcohol, as it can increase side effects like dizziness and drowsiness. If you are taking acetazolamide ER for altitude sickness, start taking it before your ascent as directed by your provider. Monitor for signs of unusual tiredness, muscle cramps, or tingling in the hands or feet, and report these to your healthcare provider.
Side Effects of acetaZOLAMIDE ER
Common Side Effects
Common side effects of acetazolamide ER include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, fatigue, and a metallic taste in the mouth. More serious side effects, though less common, can include electrolyte imbalances, kidney stones, and severe allergic reactions. If you experience symptoms such as severe rash, difficulty breathing, or signs of liver or kidney issues (e.g., yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine), seek medical attention immediately.
Risks and Warnings of acetaZOLAMIDE ER
The major risks associated with acetazolamide ER include the potential for electrolyte imbalances, which can lead to symptoms like muscle weakness, confusion, or irregular heartbeats. Patients should be monitored for signs of metabolic acidosis, particularly those with respiratory or renal conditions. Acetazolamide ER may also increase the risk of kidney stones, so it’s important to stay hydrated. This medication may impair your ability to perform tasks that require alertness, so use caution when driving or operating machinery.
Interactions with acetaZOLAMIDE ER
Common Drug Interactions
Acetazolamide ER can interact with other medications, including:
- Aspirin: High doses can increase the risk of acidosis.
- Other diuretics: May increase the risk of electrolyte imbalances.
- Anticonvulsants: May increase or decrease the effects of other seizure medications.
- Lithium: May reduce the effectiveness of lithium.
It is important to inform your healthcare provider of all medications, supplements, and herbal products you are taking to avoid potential interactions.
Alternatives to acetaZOLAMIDE ER
Alternative medications to acetazolamide ER depend on the condition being treated:
- Glaucoma: Other options include beta-blockers (e.g., timolol), prostaglandin analogs (e.g., latanoprost), and other carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (e.g., dorzolamide).
- Seizures: Alternatives include other anticonvulsants like valproate or lamotrigine.
- Edema: Other diuretics such as furosemide or hydrochlorothiazide may be considered.
- Altitude Sickness: Dexamethasone and other preventive measures can be used.
Discuss with your healthcare provider to determine the best alternative based on your specific needs.