Browse Medications by Drug Class: Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors

Written by Amar Lunagaria
Pharm.D • NiHowdy Founder

Reviewed by James Wong
Pharm.D • NiHowdy Founder
Updated Jan 24, 2025
•Published Jan 15, 2025

What are Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors?
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Brief history about Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors?
How do Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors work?
What are Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors used to treat?
Gout
XOIs are the cornerstone of gout management, preventing uric acid buildup and reducing the risk of acute gout flares. Allopurinol and febuxostat are commonly prescribed to maintain uric acid levels within a healthy range, minimizing the formation of painful urate crystals in the joints.
Chronic Hyperuricemia
In conditions like chronic hyperuricemia, XOIs help prevent complications such as gouty arthritis and tophi formation. Long-term use of XOIs stabilizes uric acid levels, protecting joints and soft tissues from damage.
Kidney Stones (Uric Acid Stones)
XOIs are effective in reducing the formation of uric acid kidney stones by decreasing uric acid concentrations in the urine. This prevents stone recurrence and supports overall kidney health.
Who should consider Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors medications?
Adults
Adults with recurrent gout attacks, chronic hyperuricemia, or kidney stones benefit significantly from XOIs. These medications provide long-term control of uric acid levels, reducing the risk of complications and improving joint and kidney health.
Children
XOIs are rarely used in pediatric populations but may be considered for genetic conditions like Lesch-Nyhan syndrome or severe hyperuricemia. Careful monitoring ensures safe and effective treatment in younger patients.
Seniors
Seniors with gout or kidney-related complications benefit from XOIs, but careful dosing is required to account for age-related changes in kidney function. Regular monitoring ensures safety and efficacy in this population.
Are Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors safe?
Can I take Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors during pregnancy?
Are Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors safe to take while lactating?
Are Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors controlled substances?
Side effects of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors?
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