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Zyloprim
Zyloprim (allopurinol) is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor used to prevent gout attacks and manage conditions related to excess uric acid in the blood, such as hyperuricemia associated with chemotherapy and kidney stones. Zyloprim works by reducing the production of uric acid in the body, which helps prevent the formation of uric acid crystals that lead to gout attacks and other complications.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Can Zyloprim be used to treat an active gout attack?
No, Zyloprim is used to prevent gout attacks, not to treat them once they occur. For an active gout flare, medications like NSAIDs or colchicine are typically prescribed.
How long does it take for Zyloprim to start working?
Zyloprim may take several weeks to lower uric acid levels. During this time, gout attacks may still occur, but the frequency and severity should decrease with continued treatment.
Can I take Zyloprim with food?
Yes, Zyloprim is usually taken after meals to minimize gastrointestinal discomfort.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Zyloprim?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your normal schedule. Do not take two doses at the same time.
Do I need to drink more water while taking Zyloprim?
Yes, staying well-hydrated is important to help reduce the risk of kidney stones and ensure proper elimination of uric acid while on Zyloprim.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Zyloprim Work?
Zyloprim works by inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which is responsible for converting hypoxanthine to xanthine and subsequently to uric acid. By reducing the production of uric acid, Zyloprim lowers serum and urinary uric acid levels, helping to prevent the formation of uric acid crystals that cause gout and kidney stones.
Common Dosages
- 100 mg to 300 mg per day, depending on the severity of the condition.
Typical Dosing
- For gout prevention, the typical starting dose is 100 mg daily, with gradual increases depending on the patient's uric acid levels, up to a maximum of 800 mg per day if needed.
- For hyperuricemia due to cancer treatment, the dose is usually 200-300 mg daily.
- Doses should be adjusted based on kidney function and the individual patient's uric acid levels.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Gout and gouty arthritis
- Hyperuricemia (excess uric acid) associated with cancer treatment, such as chemotherapy
- Recurrent kidney stones caused by high uric acid levels
Who Shouldn't Take Zyloprim?
- A known hypersensitivity to allopurinol or any of the components in the formulation.
- Acute gout attacks (it is used for prevention, not for treating active attacks).
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Zyloprim should be taken after meals to reduce the risk of stomach upset.
- Drink plenty of water while taking Zyloprim to help reduce the risk of kidney stones and to ensure proper elimination of uric acid.
- It may take several weeks of treatment to lower uric acid levels sufficiently to prevent gout attacks.
- During the initial weeks of treatment, Zyloprim may actually increase the frequency of gout attacks. Your doctor may prescribe an additional medication, such as colchicine or NSAIDs, to prevent flare-ups during this period.
- Regular blood tests are necessary to monitor uric acid levels and ensure the correct dosage.
Side Effects of Zyloprim
Common Side Effects
- Nausea or vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Rash
- Drowsiness or dizziness
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Severe allergic reactions (Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis)
- Liver function abnormalities
- Kidney issues or worsened kidney function
Risks and Warnings of Zyloprim
- Allergic Reactions: Zyloprim can cause rare but severe allergic reactions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis. If you develop a rash, stop taking Zyloprim and contact your healthcare provider immediately.
- Gout Flares: Gout attacks may become more frequent during the early stages of treatment with Zyloprim. An additional anti-inflammatory medication may be prescribed to prevent these flare-ups.
- Kidney and Liver Monitoring: Regular monitoring of kidney and liver function is essential during long-term treatment with Zyloprim.
Interactions with Zyloprim
Common Drug Interactions
- Azathioprine and Mercaptopurine: Zyloprim increases the levels of these medications, which can lead to toxicity. Dose adjustments are necessary if these drugs are taken together.
- Blood thinners (warfarin): Zyloprim may enhance the effects of warfarin, increasing the risk of bleeding.
- Diuretics (thiazides): These medications can increase the risk of adverse effects on kidney function when taken with Zyloprim.
Alternatives to Zyloprim
- Febuxostat (Uloric): Another xanthine oxidase inhibitor used to lower uric acid levels in gout patients.
- Probenecid: A medication that helps the kidneys eliminate uric acid, often used in patients who cannot tolerate allopurinol.
- Colchicine: Used to prevent gout flares, often combined with Zyloprim during the first few months of treatment.
