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Allopurinol
Allopurinol is a type of medication known as a xanthine oxidase inhibitor. It's usually used to prevent gout attacks because it reduces the production of uric acid, the substance responsible for causing gout. Some common side effects include upset stomach, diarrhea, and drowsiness.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Can I take allopurinol if I have kidney disease?
You should consult your doctor first. Allopurinol is excreted via kidneys and may need a dose adjustment if you have kidney disease.
Does allopurinol make you drowsy?
Yes, drowsiness is one of the common side effects of allopurinol. You should avoid driving or operating heavy machinery until you know how this medication affects you.
I missed a dose of allopurinol, what should I do?
If it's close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular schedule. Do not take 2 doses at the same time or extra doses.
Can I stop taking allopurinol once my gout symptoms are gone?
No, allopurinol is taken to prevent gout attacks, not to treat them once they occur. It should be taken regularly even when you do not have gout symptoms.
Does taking allopurinol increase the risk of having a gout attack?
When you initially start taking allopurinol, you may actually have more gout attacks. However, over time, it helps to lower the level of uric acid and decrease the frequency of gout attacks.
Is there a safer alternative to allopurinol if I am allergic to it?
There are alternatives available that can be used if you are allergic to allopurinol. However, it depends on your condition, other medications you're taking, and how your body responds to treatment. Always consult your healthcare provider.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Allopurinol Work?
Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor that decreases the production of uric acid. By blocking the conversion of purines to uric acid, it can treat and prevent gout and certain types of kidney stones.
What is Allopurinol Used For?
Allopurinol is used to prevent gout and to reduce elevated serum uric acid levels caused by cancer treatment. It's also used to prevent recurrent urate kidney stones.
Common Dosages
Tablets: 100mg, 300mg
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
Gout: 100 to 300 mg per day initially, then adjusted depending on response and side effects. Some people may need up to 800mg per day.
Who Shouldn't Take Allopurinol?
- Are dehydrated.
- Have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to allopurinol or any other medicines.
- Are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breastfeeding.
- Have a history of severe and potentially life-threatening skin rash (Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis).
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Drink plenty of fluids. Staying well hydrated can help prevent kidney stones.
- Avoid eating large amounts of high-purine foods. They can raise uric acid levels and make your condition worse.
- Remember to take allopurinol after meals to maximize absorption and minimize side effects.
- Allopurinol can make you drowsy, so be careful while driving or doing anything that requires focus and attention.
- If you start developing a rash or have signs of an allergic reaction, seek immediate medical attention.
Side Effects of Allopurinol
Common Side Effects
- Low energy or fatigue
- Nausea and vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Rash and itching
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (severe skin reaction)
- Liver damage
- Kidney damage
- Allergic reactions
Risks and Warnings of Allopurinol
- Severe Skin Reactions: Allopurinol can cause severe skin reactions, some of which are potentially fatal if not treated. They include Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Contact your healthcare provider immediately if you develop a skin rash, itching, redness, blistering, peeling, or other skin abnormalities.
- Hypersensitivity Reactions: The use of Allopurinol can result in severe hypersensitivity reactions. These reactions are characterized by symptoms such as fever, skin rash, hepatitis, eosinophilia, and sometimes, renal impairment. If any of these symptoms occur, you should discontinue the drug at once and consult your healthcare provider.
- Hepatic Effects: Allopurinol can sometimes lead to elevated levels of liver enzymes. If signs of liver damage (such as dark urine, persistent nausea or vomiting, abdominal pain, extreme fatigue, or yellowing eyes/skin) present themselves, the drug should be discontinued promptly
- Renal Insufficiency: Patients with impaired renal function should exercise caution while using Allopurinol, adjusting the dose as needed to prevent further renal impairment.
Interactions with Allopurinol
Common Drug Interactions
- Mercaptopurine
- Azathioprine
- Warfarin
Common Food Interactions
Limit consumption of foods high in purine, such as organ meats, beer, and certain types of seafood.
Alternatives to Allopurinol
- Liver disease
- Kidney disease
- Heart disease
- Diabetes
- High blood pressure
- Dehydration
