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Viread
Viread (generic name: tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) is an antiviral medication used to treat HIV-1 infection and chronic hepatitis B (HBV). It belongs to the class of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), which help reduce the amount of virus in the body by blocking the reverse transcriptase enzyme, a crucial component for viral replication. Viread is often used in combination with other antiretroviral medications for the treatment of HIV and is also used to manage chronic hepatitis B by suppressing the virus and preventing liver damage.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Viread to start working?
For HIV, Viread begins working right away to reduce viral replication, but it may take several weeks to see a significant decrease in viral load. For chronic hepatitis B, it may take several months of consistent use to reduce liver inflammation and viral levels.
Can I stop taking Viread once my viral load is undetectable?
No, Viread must be taken continuously, even if your viral load becomes undetectable. Stopping the medication can lead to viral rebound and resistance, making future treatments less effective.
Does Viread cure HIV or hepatitis B?
No, Viread does not cure HIV or hepatitis B. It helps manage the conditions by suppressing viral replication, improving immune function, and preventing disease progression.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Viread?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is close to your next scheduled dose. Do not take two doses at once to make up for a missed dose.
Can Viread affect my bone health?
Yes, long-term use of Viread may lead to bone thinning or decreased bone mineral density. Your healthcare provider may recommend calcium and vitamin D supplements to support bone health.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Viread Work?
Viread works by inhibiting reverse transcriptase, an enzyme that HIV and hepatitis B viruses use to replicate their genetic material. By blocking this enzyme, Viread prevents the virus from multiplying, which helps reduce the viral load in the body. This action slows the progression of HIV, improves immune function, and decreases the risk of developing AIDS. In chronic hepatitis B, Viread suppresses the virus, reducing the risk of liver damage and liver cancer.
Common Dosages
- 150 mg, 200 mg, 250 mg, and 300 mg tablets
- Oral powder (40 mg/1 g) The typical dose for adults with HIV or chronic hepatitis B is 300 mg once daily, with or without food.
Typical Dosing
- HIV-1 infection: The usual adult dose is 300 mg once daily, taken in combination with other antiretroviral agents.
- Chronic hepatitis B: The recommended dose is 300 mg once daily for adults and children over 12 years of age.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults and children aged 2 years and older, in combination with other antiretroviral medications.
- Treatment of chronic hepatitis B in adults and children aged 12 years and older.
Who Shouldn't Take Viread?
- Known hypersensitivity to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate or any components of the formulation.
- Severe kidney impairment, unless under careful medical supervision.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take Viread exactly as prescribed, with or without food. Consistency is important for maintaining stable levels of the drug in your body.
- If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, but skip the missed dose if it's almost time for your next one. Do not double up on doses.
- Regular monitoring of kidney function is recommended, as Viread can affect kidney health, especially with long-term use.
- Store Viread at room temperature, away from moisture and heat.
Side Effects of Viread
Common Side Effects
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Headache
- Fatigue
- Dizziness
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Kidney problems, including kidney failure
- Bone thinning or decreased bone mineral density
- Lactic acidosis (a buildup of lactic acid in the blood)
- Liver problems, especially in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Risks and Warnings of Viread
- Kidney Toxicity: Viread can cause kidney damage, particularly in patients with pre-existing kidney conditions or those taking the medication for extended periods. Regular monitoring of kidney function is recommended.
- Bone Health: Long-term use of Viread may lead to bone thinning or decreased bone density, increasing the risk of fractures. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation may be recommended.
- Lactic Acidosis: Viread may cause lactic acidosis, a rare but serious condition. Symptoms include muscle pain, weakness, difficulty breathing, and stomach pain. Seek medical attention if these symptoms occur.
Interactions with Viread
Common Drug Interactions
- Didanosine (Videx): Concurrent use with Viread may increase the risk of side effects, including pancreatitis and liver damage.
- NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., ibuprofen) may increase the risk of kidney problems when taken with Viread.
- Antivirals for hepatitis C: Certain medications used to treat hepatitis C, such as sofosbuvir, may increase the levels of tenofovir in the blood, increasing the risk of side effects.
Alternatives to Viread
- Truvada (emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate): A combination of two NRTIs used for HIV treatment and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).
- Descovy (emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide): A newer combination NRTI option for HIV-1 treatment with potentially fewer side effects on the kidneys and bones.
- Baraclude (entecavir): An antiviral medication used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.
- Epivir (lamivudine): Another NRTI used for treating HIV and chronic hepatitis B.
