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Trileptal
Trileptal (oxcarbazepine) is an anticonvulsant medication used to treat partial-onset seizures in adults and children with epilepsy. It works by stabilizing electrical activity in the brain, preventing excessive nerve firing that leads to seizures. Trileptal is often prescribed for epilepsy and seizure disorders, and it may also be used as an adjunctive treatment for other types of seizures.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Trileptal to start working?
It may take a few days to a few weeks for Trileptal to reduce seizure frequency. The dose may be gradually adjusted by your doctor to achieve the best results.
Can I drink alcohol while taking Trileptal?
It is best to avoid alcohol, as it can increase the risk of side effects like dizziness, drowsiness, or impaired coordination while taking Trileptal.
What should I do if I miss a dose?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is close to the time of your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not take extra doses to make up for the missed one.
Can Trileptal cause weight gain?
Weight gain is not commonly associated with Trileptal, but changes in appetite or weight can occur. If you notice significant weight changes, consult your healthcare provider.
Is it safe to use Trileptal during pregnancy?
Trileptal may pose risks to the developing fetus, particularly in the first trimester. If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, discuss the benefits and risks with your healthcare provider.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Trileptal Work?
Oxcarbazepine works by blocking voltage-sensitive sodium channels in the brain, reducing the repetitive firing of neurons that can lead to seizures. It helps to stabilize nerve membranes, making it harder for abnormal electrical signals to spread in the brain, thus reducing the occurrence of seizures.
Common Dosages
- 150 mg, 300 mg, and 600 mg tablets
- 300 mg/5 mL oral suspension
Typical Dosing
- For adults, the initial dose is typically 300 mg twice daily, with gradual increases to a maintenance dose of 600 mg to 1200 mg twice daily depending on the patient’s response and tolerance.
- For children, dosing is based on body weight and is typically started at 8 to 10 mg/kg/day, divided into two doses. The dose may be increased based on response and tolerability.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Treatment of partial-onset seizures in adults and children (as young as 2 years old).
- Monotherapy or adjunctive therapy in the management of epilepsy.
Who Shouldn't Take Trileptal?
- Known hypersensitivity to oxcarbazepine or any components of the formulation.
- Cross-sensitivity with carbamazepine (those allergic to carbamazepine may also react to oxcarbazepine).
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take Trileptal twice daily, with or without food. If you experience stomach upset, taking it with food may help.
- Avoid alcohol, as it can increase the risk of side effects like dizziness or drowsiness.
- Do not stop taking Trileptal suddenly, as this may cause an increase in seizures. Consult your healthcare provider if you need to discontinue or adjust your dose.
- Stay hydrated to avoid the risk of low sodium levels, a potential side effect of Trileptal.
- Monitor for mood changes or signs of depression, especially in younger patients, as anticonvulsants can sometimes increase the risk of suicidal thoughts.
Side Effects of Trileptal
Common Side Effects
- Dizziness
- Drowsiness
- Fatigue
- Nausea or vomiting
- Headache
- Double vision or blurred vision
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Hyponatremia (low sodium levels), with symptoms like confusion, headache, or weakness.
- Severe allergic reactions, including rash, itching, or difficulty breathing.
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis (severe skin reactions).
- Suicidal thoughts or changes in mood or behavior.
Risks and Warnings of Trileptal
- Hyponatremia: Trileptal can cause low sodium levels, especially in older adults. Monitor for symptoms like nausea, headache, confusion, or seizures, and inform your doctor if these occur.
- Severe skin reactions: Trileptal may cause serious skin conditions like Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis. Discontinue use and seek medical attention if you notice any rash or skin peeling.
- Suicidal thoughts: Like other anticonvulsants, Trileptal can increase the risk of suicidal thoughts or behavior. Monitor mood changes and inform your healthcare provider of any unusual changes in behavior.
Interactions with Trileptal
Common Drug Interactions
- Carbamazepine: Taking Trileptal with carbamazepine can increase the risk of side effects like dizziness and drowsiness.
- Diuretics: Medications that affect sodium levels, like diuretics, may increase the risk of hyponatremia.
- Oral contraceptives: Trileptal may reduce the effectiveness of birth control pills, so an additional contraceptive method should be used.
- Other anticonvulsants: Oxcarbazepine may interact with other antiepileptic drugs, affecting their efficacy or side effects.
Alternatives to Trileptal
- Carbamazepine (Tegretol): Another anticonvulsant used to treat partial-onset seizures and other seizure types.
- Lamotrigine (Lamictal): An anticonvulsant used for partial seizures and bipolar disorder.
- Levetiracetam (Keppra): An anticonvulsant used for treating epilepsy and partial-onset seizures.
- Valproate (Depakote): An anticonvulsant for a variety of seizure disorders and mood stabilization.
