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Tranylcypromine Sulfate
Tranylcypromine Sulfate is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD), particularly in cases where other treatments have not been effective. It works by inhibiting the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which breaks down neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. By preventing this breakdown, Tranylcypromine helps increase the levels of these chemicals in the brain, improving mood and alleviating symptoms of depression.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Tranylcypromine Sulfate to start working?
It may take 2 to 4 weeks to notice significant improvements in depressive symptoms. Full effects may take up to 6 weeks or more.
Can I drink alcohol while taking Tranylcypromine Sulfate?
It is generally recommended to avoid alcohol while taking Tranylcypromine, as it can worsen side effects and interact with the medication, potentially leading to dangerous reactions.
Can I stop taking Tranylcypromine abruptly?
No, abruptly stopping Tranylcypromine can lead to withdrawal symptoms. It is important to taper off the medication gradually under your doctor’s supervision.
5. What foods should I avoid while taking Tranylcypromine?
Avoid foods high in tyramine, such as aged cheese, fermented products, cured meats, and certain alcoholic beverages like red wine and beer, as they can cause a hypertensive crisis.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Tranylcypromine Sulfate Work?
Tranylcypromine Sulfate works by inhibiting monoamine oxidase, an enzyme responsible for breaking down neurotransmitters like serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. By blocking this enzyme, the medication increases the levels of these neurotransmitters in the brain, which helps elevate mood and improve depressive symptoms.
Common Dosages
- Tablets: 10 mg
Typical Dosing
- The usual starting dose is 10 mg twice daily. The dose may be increased in 10 mg increments every 1 to 3 weeks, based on the patient’s response. The maximum recommended dose is 60 mg per day.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Major depressive disorder (MDD), especially in patients who have not responded to other antidepressants.
Who Shouldn't Take Tranylcypromine Sulfate?
- Pheochromocytoma
- Severe cardiovascular disease
- Hepatic impairment
- Concomitant use of SSRIs, SNRIs, or other antidepressants (due to the risk of serotonin syndrome)
- Recent use of other MAOIs, meperidine, or sympathomimetic drugs
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Patients taking Tranylcypromine Sulfate must adhere to a low-tyramine diet, as the combination of MAOIs and tyramine-rich foods (such as aged cheese, fermented products, and cured meats) can lead to dangerously high blood pressure.
- Avoid over-the-counter medications such as cold medicines that contain decongestants, as they can interact with MAOIs and cause hypertensive crises.
- It is important to taper off the medication gradually under the supervision of a healthcare provider to avoid withdrawal symptoms.
- If switching from other antidepressants, ensure there is a washout period to avoid dangerous interactions like serotonin syndrome.
Side Effects of Tranylcypromine Sulfate
Common Side Effects
- Dizziness
- Dry mouth
- Insomnia
- Weight gain
- Constipation
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Hypertensive crisis (due to dietary interactions)
- Serotonin syndrome (if taken with other serotonergic drugs)
- Orthostatic hypotension (sudden drop in blood pressure upon standing)
- Severe headache (may indicate hypertensive crisis)
Risks and Warnings of Tranylcypromine Sulfate
- Hypertensive Crisis: Eating foods high in tyramine or taking certain medications while on Tranylcypromine can lead to a sudden and dangerous increase in blood pressure. Patients must follow a strict dietary plan and avoid interacting medications.
- Serotonin Syndrome: Tranylcypromine can cause a life-threatening condition known as serotonin syndrome when combined with other serotonergic drugs (e.g., SSRIs, SNRIs). Symptoms include confusion, rapid heart rate, and high fever.
- Orthostatic Hypotension: This medication may cause a sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up, leading to dizziness or fainting.
Interactions with Tranylcypromine Sulfate
Common Drug Interactions
- Tyramine-rich foods: Foods like aged cheese, wine, fermented products, and certain cured meats should be avoided, as they can trigger hypertensive crises.
- Other antidepressants: Tranylcypromine should not be taken with SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, or other MAOIs due to the risk of serotonin syndrome or hypertensive crises.
- Sympathomimetics: Medications such as pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine (found in decongestants) can interact with Tranylcypromine and cause dangerous blood pressure spikes.
Common Food Interactions
- Alcohol: Drinking alcohol while taking Tranylcypromine can increase the risk of side effects and worsen depression or anxiety.
Alternatives to Tranylcypromine Sulfate
- Phenelzine (Nardil): Another MAOI used for treatment-resistant depression.
- Isocarboxazid (Marplan): An alternative MAOI for depressive disorders.
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs): Drugs like fluoxetine or sertraline, which are commonly prescribed for depression with fewer dietary restrictions.
- Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs): Medications like venlafaxine or duloxetine, which may be effective in treating major depression without MAOI-related risks.
