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Timolol Maleate (Once-Daily)
Timolol Maleate (Once-Daily) is a beta-blocker ophthalmic solution used to treat elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. By reducing fluid production in the eye, Timolol Maleate helps lower intraocular pressure, reducing the risk of optic nerve damage and preventing vision loss. The once-daily formulation allows for convenient dosing for patients managing glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Timolol Maleate to lower eye pressure?
Timolol Maleate typically starts lowering intraocular pressure within 30 minutes to 1 hour after application, with maximum effects seen after about 2 hours.
Can I use Timolol Maleate with contact lenses?
Yes, but you should remove your contact lenses before applying the drops and wait at least 15 minutes before reinserting them.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Timolol Maleate?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is close to the time of your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the dose.
Can Timolol Maleate cause low blood pressure?
Yes, Timolol Maleate can cause systemic side effects, including low blood pressure and bradycardia. Pressing on the inner corner of the eye after application can help reduce systemic absorption.
Is Timolol Maleate safe during pregnancy?
Timolol Maleate should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Discuss the risks and benefits with your healthcare provider.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Timolol Maleate (Once-Daily) Work?
Timolol Maleate works by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors in the eye, reducing the production of aqueous humor (the fluid inside the eye). This action lowers intraocular pressure, decreasing the risk of damage to the optic nerve, which can lead to vision loss in conditions like glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
Common Dosages
- 0.25% ophthalmic solution
- 0.5% ophthalmic solution
Typical Dosing
- For glaucoma and ocular hypertension: The recommended dose is one drop of 0.25% or 0.5% solution in the affected eye(s) once daily, typically in the morning. Dosage may be adjusted based on the patient's response.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Open-angle glaucoma
- Ocular hypertension
Who Shouldn't Take Timolol Maleate (Once-Daily)?
- Bronchial asthma or a history of asthma
- Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- Bradycardia or heart block greater than first degree
- Heart failure
- Known hypersensitivity to timolol or any components of the medication
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Administer Timolol Maleate as directed, usually once daily. Avoid touching the tip of the dropper to your eye or any surface to prevent contamination.
- Press on the inner corner of the eye for 1 to 2 minutes after applying the drops to reduce systemic absorption and lower the risk of side effects.
- Do not stop using Timolol Maleate suddenly, as this can lead to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure, which may harm your vision.
- Store the medication at room temperature and keep the bottle tightly closed when not in use.
Side Effects of Timolol Maleate (Once-Daily)
Common Side Effects
- Temporary blurred vision
- Mild burning or stinging
- Dry eyes or increased tearing
- Headache
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Shortness of breath or wheezing
- Bradycardia (slow heart rate)
- Dizziness or fainting
- Severe allergic reactions (rash, swelling, difficulty breathing)
Risks and Warnings of Timolol Maleate (Once-Daily)
- Respiratory Effects: Timolol Maleate may cause breathing difficulties in patients with asthma or COPD. It should be avoided in patients with these conditions unless absolutely necessary.
- Cardiac Effects: Timolol Maleate can lower heart rate and blood pressure, especially in patients with pre-existing heart conditions. Monitor for signs of bradycardia or hypotension.
- Systemic Absorption: Pressing on the inner corner of the eye after applying the drops can help reduce systemic absorption and minimize side effects like low blood pressure and bradycardia.
Interactions with Timolol Maleate (Once-Daily)
Common Drug Interactions
- Other beta-blockers: Using Timolol Maleate with systemic beta-blockers (e.g., atenolol, metoprolol) can increase the risk of bradycardia and low blood pressure.
- Calcium channel blockers: Combining Timolol Maleate with calcium channel blockers like verapamil or diltiazem can increase the risk of cardiovascular side effects.
- Digoxin: Timolol Maleate may enhance the effects of digoxin, increasing the risk of bradycardia.
Alternatives to Timolol Maleate (Once-Daily)
- Latanoprost (Xalatan): A prostaglandin analog used to lower intraocular pressure in glaucoma.
- Brimonidine (Alphagan): An alpha agonist used to reduce eye pressure.
- Dorzolamide (Trusopt): A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used for lowering intraocular pressure.
- Travoprost (Travatan Z): A prostaglandin analog used to treat glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
