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Provigil
Provigil (generic name: modafinil) is a prescription medication used to treat excessive sleepiness caused by conditions such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and shift work sleep disorder (SWSD). Provigil is classified as a wakefulness-promoting agent and works by stimulating certain neurotransmitters in the brain to promote alertness. It does not cure these sleep disorders but helps manage symptoms of excessive sleepiness. Provigil is commonly used to help patients stay awake during the day and maintain normal sleep patterns.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Provigil to work?
Provigil usually starts working within 30 to 60 minutes after taking a dose. Its wakefulness-promoting effects can last for several hours.
Can Provigil be used for conditions other than sleep disorders?
Provigil is only FDA-approved for treating narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea, and shift work sleep disorder. However, it may sometimes be used off-label for other conditions, such as ADHD or fatigue associated with multiple sclerosis. Always follow your doctor’s guidance.
Does Provigil cause withdrawal symptoms?
While Provigil has a lower potential for dependence compared to other stimulants, abruptly stopping it may cause mild withdrawal symptoms, such as fatigue, mood changes, or trouble sleeping. Consult your healthcare provider before stopping treatment.
Can I drink coffee while taking Provigil?
Yes, you can drink coffee while taking Provigil, but be cautious with excessive caffeine intake, as it may increase nervousness, restlessness, and heart palpitations.
Can Provigil affect my birth control?
Yes, Provigil can reduce the effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives. Use an additional or alternative form of contraception while taking Provigil and for 1 month after discontinuing it.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Provigil Work?
The exact mechanism of action of Provigil is not fully understood, but it is believed to work by increasing the availability of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and histamine, which promote wakefulness and alertness. It affects the areas of the brain responsible for controlling the sleep-wake cycle, helping to reduce excessive daytime sleepiness and improving wakefulness in patients with sleep disorders.
Common Dosages
- 100 mg tablets
- 200 mg tablets
Typical Dosing
- For narcolepsy or obstructive sleep apnea: The recommended dose is 200 mg once daily in the morning.
- For shift work sleep disorder: The recommended dose is 200 mg taken approximately 1 hour before the start of the work shift.
- Doses can be adjusted based on individual response and tolerability, but the maximum recommended daily dose is 400 mg.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Narcolepsy: To improve wakefulness in adults with excessive daytime sleepiness due to narcolepsy.
- Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): To promote wakefulness in adults with residual sleepiness despite using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy for OSA.
- Shift work sleep disorder (SWSD): To help improve alertness in individuals with excessive sleepiness related to irregular work shifts or night shifts.
Who Shouldn't Take Provigil?
- Known hypersensitivity to modafinil or any of the components in the formulation.
- History of Stevens-Johnson syndrome or other severe rashes related to modafinil use.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take Provigil in the morning or 1 hour before your work shift to promote wakefulness throughout the day or work period.
- Avoid taking Provigil too late in the day, as it may cause difficulty falling asleep at night.
- Provigil is not a replacement for proper sleep; maintain good sleep hygiene practices and aim for adequate rest.
- Inform your doctor of any history of heart problems or high blood pressure, as Provigil can increase heart rate and blood pressure.
- Store Provigil at room temperature, away from moisture and heat.
Side Effects of Provigil
Common Side Effects
- Headache
- Nausea
- Nervousness
- Anxiety
- Dizziness
- Insomnia
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Severe allergic reactions, such as rash, itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing
- Serious skin reactions, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome
- Psychiatric symptoms, such as hallucinations or mania
- Increased blood pressure or heart palpitations
Risks and Warnings of Provigil
- Serious Rash: Provigil has been associated with serious skin reactions, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Discontinue use and seek immediate medical attention if you develop a rash, blisters, or peeling skin.
- Psychiatric Symptoms: Provigil may cause new or worsening psychiatric symptoms, including anxiety, depression, or hallucinations. Monitor for these symptoms and contact your healthcare provider if they occur.
- Cardiovascular Risk: Provigil may increase blood pressure and heart rate. Patients with cardiovascular conditions, such as hypertension or heart disease, should be closely monitored.
- Dependence and Misuse: Provigil is a Schedule IV controlled substance and may lead to physical or psychological dependence if misused. It should be used only as prescribed.
Interactions with Provigil
Common Drug Interactions
- CYP3A4 inducers (e.g., rifampin, carbamazepine): These medications may reduce the effectiveness of Provigil by decreasing its concentration in the bloodstream.
- CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole, erythromycin): These drugs may increase the levels of Provigil, potentially increasing the risk of side effects.
- Hormonal contraceptives: Provigil can reduce the effectiveness of birth control pills, patches, or injections. Use alternative or additional methods of contraception while taking Provigil and for at least 1 month after stopping.
- CNS stimulants: Combining Provigil with other stimulants, such as amphetamines, can increase the risk of nervousness, anxiety, and heart palpitations.
Alternatives to Provigil
- Nuvigil (armodafinil): A similar wakefulness-promoting agent used for the same conditions as Provigil but with a longer half-life.
- Adderall (amphetamine/dextroamphetamine): A stimulant medication used to treat narcolepsy and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
- Xyrem (sodium oxybate): A medication used for narcolepsy, particularly to treat cataplexy and excessive daytime sleepiness.
- Caffeine: A common stimulant that may help promote wakefulness but is less potent than prescription medications like Provigil.