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Prochlorperazine Edisylate
Prochlorperazine Edisylate is an antipsychotic and antiemetic medication primarily used to treat nausea and vomiting caused by various conditions, including chemotherapy, postoperative recovery, and migraine headaches. It is also used in the management of schizophrenia and short-term treatment of severe anxiety. Prochlorperazine belongs to the phenothiazine class of drugs, which work by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain to reduce nausea, vomiting, and psychotic symptoms.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How quickly does Prochlorperazine Edisylate work?
When administered via injection, Prochlorperazine Edisylate typically begins to relieve nausea and vomiting within 30 minutes to an hour.
Can Prochlorperazine Edisylate be used long-term?
While it is effective for short-term use, long-term use of prochlorperazine increases the risk of tardive dyskinesia and other movement disorders. Your healthcare provider will evaluate the risks and benefits of extended use.
Can I take Prochlorperazine if I’m pregnant?
Prochlorperazine should only be used during pregnancy if the potential benefits outweigh the risks. It is important to consult your healthcare provider if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant.
What should I do if I miss a dose?
If you miss a dose of Prochlorperazine, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is almost time for your next dose. Do not double up on doses.
Can Prochlorperazine be used in children?
Yes, but the dosing for children is typically lower, and it should be used with caution due to the risk of extrapyramidal side effects. Always consult a pediatrician for appropriate use.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Prochlorperazine Edisylate Work?
Prochlorperazine works by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain, particularly in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), which is responsible for inducing nausea and vomiting. By inhibiting these receptors, the drug reduces the sensation of nausea and the urge to vomit. In higher doses, prochlorperazine also affects dopamine pathways in the brain to reduce the symptoms of psychosis.
Common Dosages
- Injection (intramuscular or intravenous): Typically 5 mg/mL
Typical Dosing
- For nausea and vomiting, the typical adult dose is 5-10 mg IM or IV every 3 to 4 hours as needed.
- For schizophrenia, the dosing varies based on the severity of symptoms but typically starts with 5 mg administered 2-3 times daily and adjusted as needed.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Control of severe nausea and vomiting
- Treatment of schizophrenia
- Short-term management of severe anxiety
Who Shouldn't Take Prochlorperazine Edisylate?
- Severe central nervous system depression (e.g., coma)
- Known hypersensitivity to prochlorperazine or other phenothiazines
- Bone marrow depression
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Prochlorperazine injections are typically administered by healthcare professionals in a hospital or clinic setting.
- Be cautious when standing up quickly, as this medication can cause dizziness and orthostatic hypotension.
- Avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants, as they can increase the risk of sedation and respiratory depression.
- If you experience extrapyramidal symptoms (e.g., tremors, stiffness, or uncontrolled movements), contact your healthcare provider.
Side Effects of Prochlorperazine Edisylate
Common Side Effects
- Drowsiness
- Dizziness
- Dry mouth
- Constipation
- Blurred vision
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Extrapyramidal symptoms (muscle stiffness, tremors, restlessness)
- Tardive dyskinesia (involuntary facial and limb movements)
- Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (fever, muscle rigidity, altered mental status)
Risks and Warnings of Prochlorperazine Edisylate
- Tardive Dyskinesia: Long-term use of prochlorperazine can lead to involuntary movements, which may be irreversible. This risk is higher in elderly patients, especially women.
- Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome: This is a rare but potentially fatal condition characterized by fever, muscle stiffness, and confusion. Immediate medical attention is required if symptoms occur.
- Extrapyramidal Symptoms: Prochlorperazine can cause muscle stiffness and tremors, similar to symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. These symptoms may occur early in treatment and should be reported to a healthcare provider.
Interactions with Prochlorperazine Edisylate
Common Drug Interactions
- Other CNS depressants: Including alcohol, benzodiazepines, and opioids, which may increase the risk of sedation and respiratory depression.
- Anticholinergics: These may enhance side effects like dry mouth and constipation.
- Levodopa: The effects of levodopa (used for Parkinson’s disease) may be diminished by prochlorperazine, as both drugs affect dopamine pathways.
Alternatives to Prochlorperazine Edisylate
- Ondansetron (Zofran®): Another antiemetic used for nausea and vomiting, particularly in chemotherapy patients.
- Metoclopramide (Reglan®): Another antiemetic and prokinetic agent that helps with nausea and delayed gastric emptying.
- Haloperidol (Haldol®): Another antipsychotic, which can also be used to treat nausea and vomiting in certain settings.
