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Metoclopramide HCl
Metoclopramide HCl is a medication primarily used to treat nausea and vomiting, especially related to surgery, chemotherapy, and gastroparesis (delayed gastric emptying). It works by enhancing gastrointestinal motility and promoting the movement of food through the stomach and intestines.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How quickly does metoclopramide HCl work?
Metoclopramide typically starts to relieve nausea and vomiting within 30 minutes after administration.
Can I take metoclopramide HCl with food?
Yes, it can be taken with or without food, but taking it before meals may enhance its effectiveness.
What should I do if I miss a dose?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not double up doses.
Are there any dietary restrictions while using metoclopramide HCl?
There are no specific dietary restrictions, but maintaining a balanced diet can help manage symptoms.
Is metoclopramide HCl safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding?
Consult your healthcare provider if you are pregnant or breastfeeding to discuss the risks and benefits of using metoclopramide.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Metoclopramide HCl Work?
Metoclopramide works by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain, which helps to reduce nausea and vomiting. It also enhances the effects of acetylcholine on gastrointestinal smooth muscle, leading to increased gastric motility and faster gastric emptying.
Common Dosages
- Tablets: 5 mg and 10 mg.
- Oral Solution: 5 mg/5 mL.
- Injectable Form: 10 mg/mL.
Typical Dosing
- For nausea and vomiting, the typical dose is 10 mg taken 30 minutes before meals and at bedtime, as needed.
- For gastroparesis, the usual dose is 10 mg four times daily before meals and at bedtime.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Nausea and Vomiting: including prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy and postoperative situations.
- Gastroparesis: treatment of symptoms associated with diabetic gastroparesis.
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): for short-term treatment of GERD in patients who have not responded to other treatments.
Who Shouldn't Take Metoclopramide HCl?
- Known hypersensitivity to metoclopramide or any component of the formulation.
- Gastrointestinal obstruction or perforation.
- History of seizures or pheochromocytoma.
- Use of other medications that may cause extrapyramidal symptoms.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take metoclopramide exactly as prescribed, and do not exceed the recommended dose.
- Be aware of potential side effects, including drowsiness, fatigue, and restlessness.
- Avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants while taking this medication, as they may increase sedation.
Side Effects of Metoclopramide HCl
Common Side Effects
- Drowsiness
- Fatigue
- Dizziness
- Diarrhea
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Extrapyramidal symptoms (tremors, rigidity, involuntary movements)
- Tardive dyskinesia (involuntary movements, often irreversible)
- Allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling)
Risks and Warnings of Metoclopramide HCl
- Extrapyramidal Symptoms: Monitor for movement disorders, especially with long-term use or higher doses.
- Tardive Dyskinesia: Risk increases with prolonged use; should be used at the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration necessary.
- Renal Function: Use with caution in patients with renal impairment, as dosage adjustments may be necessary.
Interactions with Metoclopramide HCl
Common Drug Interactions
- CNS Depressants: Use caution when combining with other CNS depressants, as they may increase the risk of sedation.
- Medications Affecting Dopamine: Such as antipsychotics; concurrent use may increase the risk of extrapyramidal symptoms.
Alternatives to Metoclopramide HCl
- Other Antiemetics: Such as ondansetron or prochlorperazine for nausea and vomiting.
- Prokinetic Agents: Other medications like domperidone may be used for gastric motility issues.
