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Prochlorperazine
Prochlorperazine is an antipsychotic medication that belongs to the class of drugs known as phenothiazines. It is primarily used to manage nausea and vomiting and to treat schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Prochlorperazine works by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain, which helps to reduce symptoms of psychosis and control nausea.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How quickly does prochlorperazine work?
Prochlorperazine typically begins to take effect within 30 to 60 minutes when taken orally for nausea and vomiting.
Can I stop taking prochlorperazine suddenly?
It is not advisable to stop taking prochlorperazine abruptly without consulting your healthcare provider, as this may lead to withdrawal symptoms or worsening of the condition.
Are there any dietary restrictions while taking prochlorperazine?
There are no specific dietary restrictions, but avoid alcohol consumption as it can increase the sedative effects of the medication.
What should I do if I miss a dose of prochlorperazine?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not double up on doses.
Is prochlorperazine safe for long-term use?
Prochlorperazine can be used long-term under medical supervision, but regular monitoring for side effects, particularly movement disorders, is essential.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Prochlorperazine Work?
Prochlorperazine exerts its effects primarily by antagonizing dopamine D2 receptors in the central nervous system. This action reduces the overactivity of dopamine, which is associated with psychotic symptoms and the vomiting reflex. Additionally, it has effects on other neurotransmitter receptors, contributing to its therapeutic benefits.
Common Dosages
- Tablets: 5 mg and 10 mg
- Suppositories: 25 mg
- Injection: 5 mg/mL
Typical Dosing
- For nausea and vomiting: The usual starting dose is 5 to 10 mg taken orally 3 to 4 times daily, with adjustments as needed.
- For schizophrenia: The recommended dose ranges from 100 mg to 800 mg per day, divided into multiple doses, depending on the severity of the condition.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Management of severe nausea and vomiting
- Treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders
- Short-term treatment of anxiety (in some formulations)
Who Shouldn't Take Prochlorperazine?
- Known hypersensitivity to prochlorperazine or other phenothiazines
- Severe central nervous system depression
- Comatose states
- Bone marrow depression or blood dyscrasias
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take prochlorperazine exactly as prescribed, and do not stop taking it abruptly without consulting your healthcare provider, as this may lead to withdrawal symptoms or exacerbation of the condition being treated.
- Avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants while taking prochlorperazine, as they can enhance sedative effects.
- Monitor for side effects, especially those related to movement disorders, and report any concerning symptoms to your healthcare provider promptly.
Side Effects of Prochlorperazine
Common Side Effects
- Drowsiness or sedation
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Dry mouth
- Constipation
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Extrapyramidal symptoms (such as tremors, rigidity, or bradykinesia)
- Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (a rare but life-threatening condition)
- Severe allergic reactions (such as rash, itching, or difficulty breathing)
Risks and Warnings of Prochlorperazine
- Movement Disorders: Prochlorperazine can cause extrapyramidal symptoms, especially with higher doses or prolonged use. Monitor for symptoms and discuss with a healthcare provider if they occur.
- QT Prolongation: Caution is advised in patients with a history of cardiac arrhythmias, as prochlorperazine can prolong the QT interval.
- Pregnancy and Lactation: Discuss the risks and benefits of using prochlorperazine during pregnancy and breastfeeding with your healthcare provider.
Interactions with Prochlorperazine
Common Drug Interactions
- Other Antipsychotics: Use with caution as they may increase the risk of side effects or CNS depression.
- CNS Depressants: Concurrent use with other sedatives or alcohol may enhance sedation and respiratory depression.
- Medications Affecting QT Interval: Caution is advised when combining with other drugs that prolong the QT interval, as this can increase the risk of arrhythmias.
Alternatives to Prochlorperazine
- Other Antiemetics: Such as ondansetron or metoclopramide for nausea and vomiting.
- Other Antipsychotics: Such as risperidone or quetiapine for managing schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders.
