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Focalin XR
Focalin XR (generic name: dexmethylphenidate) is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It works by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which help to improve focus, attention, and impulse control in individuals with ADHD. Focalin XR is the extended-release version of the medication, providing longer-lasting effects with once-daily dosing.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Focalin XR to work?
Focalin XR starts working within 30 to 60 minutes of taking it, with effects lasting up to 12 hours.
Can Focalin XR cause weight loss?
Yes, a common side effect of Focalin XR is decreased appetite, which can lead to weight loss, especially in children. Regular monitoring of weight and growth is recommended.
What should I do if I miss a dose?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it is later in the day, as taking Focalin XR too late can cause insomnia. Do not double up on doses to make up for a missed dose.
Can Focalin XR be addictive?
Yes, as a stimulant medication, Focalin XR has a potential for abuse and dependence. It should be used only as prescribed and should not be shared with others.
How often should I follow up with my doctor while on Focalin XR?
Your doctor will likely schedule regular follow-up appointments to monitor your response to the medication, adjust the dosage if necessary, and check for any side effects or potential misuse.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Focalin XR Work?
Focalin XR contains dexmethylphenidate, the active form of methylphenidate. It works by blocking the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, increasing their levels and helping to improve attention, reduce hyperactivity, and control impulsive behaviors in individuals with ADHD. The extended-release formulation allows for a gradual release of the medication throughout the day, providing 12 hours of symptom control.
Common Dosages
- For children and adults with ADHD: Start with the lowest effective dose, usually 5 mg to 10 mg once daily in the morning, and adjust based on response and side effects. The maximum recommended dose is 40 mg daily.
- Focalin XR should be taken once daily in the morning, with or without food, as the extended-release formulation provides symptom control throughout the day.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): To improve focus, attention, and impulse control in both children and adults.
Who Shouldn't Take Focalin XR?
- Hypersensitivity to dexmethylphenidate or any other component of the formulation.
- Anxiety, agitation, or severe tension, as stimulants may worsen these conditions.
- Glaucoma, due to the risk of increased intraocular pressure.
- Tourette's syndrome or other motor tics, as stimulants may exacerbate these symptoms.
- MAOI use within the past 14 days, due to the risk of serious interactions.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take Focalin XR in the morning to avoid insomnia, as taking it later in the day can cause difficulty falling asleep.
- Swallow the capsules whole; do not crush, chew, or break them, as this may release the medication too quickly and increase the risk of side effects. If you have trouble swallowing capsules, you can open the capsule and sprinkle the contents on a spoonful of applesauce.
- Avoid alcohol, as it can increase the risk of side effects and may interfere with the extended-release mechanism.
- Monitor for abuse or misuse, as Focalin XR is a stimulant with a potential for addiction. Keep it in a safe place, and do not share it with others.
- Follow up regularly with your doctor to assess the effectiveness and adjust the dosage if needed.
Side Effects of Focalin XR
Common Side Effects
- Insomnia
- Decreased appetite
- Stomach pain
- Headache
- Nervousness
- Dry mouth
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Increased blood pressure or heart rate
- Chest pain or shortness of breath
- Mood changes such as depression, anxiety, or aggression
- Circulation problems in the fingers or toes (Raynaud's phenomenon)
- Hallucinations or other psychiatric symptoms (rare)
Risks and Warnings of Focalin XR
- Cardiovascular Risk: Stimulants like Focalin XR can increase blood pressure and heart rate, leading to an increased risk of heart problems in some individuals. Regular monitoring of blood pressure and heart rate is recommended.
- Abuse and Dependence: As a Schedule II controlled substance, Focalin XR has a high potential for abuse, which can lead to addiction, dependence, or misuse. Use the medication only as prescribed and keep it out of reach of others.
- Psychiatric Symptoms: Stimulants may exacerbate psychotic or manic symptoms in individuals with a history of psychiatric conditions. Monitor for new or worsening mental health symptoms.
Interactions with Focalin XR
Common Drug Interactions
- Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs): Focalin XR should not be taken within 14 days of using MAOIs, as this can cause a dangerous increase in blood pressure.
- Antihypertensive medications: Focalin XR may reduce the effectiveness of blood pressure medications, leading to an increase in blood pressure.
- Serotonergic drugs: Combining Focalin XR with serotonergic drugs (such as SSRIs) may increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition.
Alternatives to Focalin XR
- Methylphenidate (Concerta, Ritalin): Another stimulant medication used to treat ADHD, available in both immediate-release and extended-release formulations.
- Adderall XR (Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine): A long-acting stimulant that is commonly used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy.
- Vyvanse (Lisdexamfetamine): A prodrug of dextroamphetamine, used for ADHD with a lower risk of abuse.
- Non-stimulant options (e.g., Strattera): For individuals who cannot tolerate or prefer not to take stimulants, atomoxetine is a non-stimulant medication approved for ADHD.
