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Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine
Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine, commonly known by the brand name Adderall, is a combination of two stimulant medications used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. It contains equal parts of amphetamine and dextroamphetamine, which work by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. This action helps improve focus, attention, and impulse control in individuals with ADHD and helps increase wakefulness in people with narcolepsy.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Can Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine be taken with food?
Yes, Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine can be taken with or without food. However, taking it with food may help reduce stomach upset.
How long does it take for Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine to start working?
Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine typically begins to work within 30 to 60 minutes after taking a dose, with effects lasting up to 4 to 6 hours for immediate-release forms and up to 12 hours for extended-release forms.
Is Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine safe during pregnancy?
Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine is generally not recommended during pregnancy due to the potential risk of harm to the fetus. Consult your healthcare provider for advice if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it is late in the day, skip the missed dose to avoid interfering with sleep. Do not double up on doses to make up for a missed one.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine Work?
Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine works by increasing the release of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain and inhibiting their reuptake. These neurotransmitters play key roles in attention, alertness, and mood regulation. By enhancing their activity, Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine improves focus, attention, and impulse control in individuals with ADHD and helps maintain wakefulness in people with narcolepsy.
Common Dosages
Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine is commonly available in the following dosages:
- Immediate-Release Tablets: 5 mg, 7.5 mg, 10 mg, 12.5 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg
- Extended-Release Capsules: 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg, 25 mg, 30 mg
Typical Dosing
The typical dosing for Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine varies based on the condition being treated:
- ADHD (Immediate-Release): Start with 5 mg once or twice daily, with increments of 5 mg at weekly intervals. The maximum daily dose is 40 mg.
- ADHD (Extended-Release): Start with 10 mg once daily in the morning. The dosage may be adjusted in increments of 5 mg or 10 mg per week, with a maximum dose of 30 mg per day.
- Narcolepsy: The usual dose is 5 mg to 60 mg per day in divided doses, depending on the severity of the condition.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine is FDA-approved for the treatment of:
- Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
- Narcolepsy
Who Shouldn't Take Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine?
Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine should not be used in patients with:
- Advanced arteriosclerosis
- Cardiovascular disease, including moderate to severe hypertension
- Hyperthyroidism
- Glaucoma
- Agitated states
- A history of drug abuse
- Concurrent use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or within 14 days of discontinuation
Advice From The Pharmacist
Patients taking Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine should:
- Take the medication exactly as prescribed, preferably in the morning to avoid insomnia.
- Be aware of the potential for abuse and misuse, and use the medication only as directed by their healthcare provider.
- Monitor blood pressure and heart rate regularly, especially if they have a history of cardiovascular disease.
- Report any new or worsening psychiatric symptoms, such as increased agitation, anxiety, or mood swings, to their healthcare provider.
- Avoid consuming acidic foods or drinks (e.g., citrus, soda) close to the time of dosing, as they can affect the absorption of the medication.
Side Effects of Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine
Common Side Effects
Common side effects of Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine include:
- Insomnia
- Decreased appetite
- Dry mouth
- Increased heart rate (tachycardia)
- Anxiety or nervousness
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
Serious side effects may include:
- Hypertension (high blood pressure)
- Cardiovascular events (e.g., heart attack, stroke)
- Psychiatric symptoms (e.g., psychosis, aggression)
- Growth suppression in children with long-term use
- Dependence and withdrawal symptoms
Risks and Warnings of Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine
Major risks and warnings associated with Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine include:
- Cardiovascular Risk: Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine can increase heart rate and blood pressure, which may be dangerous for patients with preexisting cardiovascular conditions. Regular monitoring is recommended.
- Psychiatric Risk: Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine may exacerbate preexisting psychiatric conditions, such as anxiety, agitation, or psychosis. Patients should be monitored for any new or worsening psychiatric symptoms.
- Abuse and Dependence: As a Schedule II controlled substance, Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine carries a high risk of abuse, dependence, and addiction. It should be used with caution and under close supervision, particularly in patients with a history of substance abuse.
Interactions with Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine
Common Drug Interactions
Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine may interact with:
- Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs): Increased risk of hypertensive crisis. Do not use concurrently or within 14 days of discontinuation.
- Antihypertensive Medications: May reduce the effectiveness of blood pressure-lowering drugs.
- Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): May affect the absorption of extended-release formulations.
- Acidifying Agents: May decrease the effectiveness of Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine by increasing urinary excretion.
- Alkalinizing Agents: May increase the effectiveness of Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine by decreasing urinary excretion.
Patients should inform their healthcare provider of all medications, supplements, and herbal products they are taking to avoid potential drug interactions.
Alternatives to Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine
Alternative medications to Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine include:
- Methylphenidate (Ritalin): Another stimulant medication used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy.
- Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse): A prodrug of dextroamphetamine used for ADHD and binge eating disorder.
- Atomoxetine (Strattera): A non-stimulant medication for ADHD that works by inhibiting norepinephrine reuptake.
