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Dicloxacillin Sodium
Dicloxacillin Sodium is an antibiotic in the penicillin class used to treat bacterial infections, particularly those caused by penicillinase-producing staphylococci. It works by inhibiting the growth of bacteria, making it effective against infections such as skin infections, bone infections, pneumonia, and upper respiratory infections. Dicloxacillin is commonly used for infections resistant to other penicillin antibiotics due to its stability against beta-lactamase enzymes.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Dicloxacillin Sodium to start working?
You may start to notice improvements in symptoms within 1 to 2 days, but it is important to complete the full course of treatment as prescribed.
Can I take Dicloxacillin Sodium with food?
No, Dicloxacillin should be taken on an empty stomach for optimal absorption. Take it 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals.
What should I do if I miss a dose?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it’s close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not double up on doses.
Is Dicloxacillin safe for long-term use?
Dicloxacillin is generally prescribed for short-term use to treat infections. Long-term use may lead to secondary infections or other side effects, so it should be used only as directed by your healthcare provider.
Can Dicloxacillin Sodium treat viral infections like the flu?
No, Dicloxacillin is an antibiotic and is not effective against viral infections, such as the flu or common cold. It is used to treat bacterial infections only.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Dicloxacillin Sodium Work?
Dicloxacillin works by interfering with the bacterial cell wall synthesis. It binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), inhibiting the cross-linking of peptidoglycans, which are necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This leads to the weakening and eventual death of the bacteria.
What is Dicloxacillin Sodium Used For?
- Skin and soft tissue infections
- Bone and joint infections (osteomyelitis)
- Respiratory tract infections (including pneumonia)
- Endocarditis
- Bacteremia
Common Dosages
Dicloxacillin Sodium is available in:
- 250 mg and 500 mg capsules
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- For adults, the usual dose is 250 mg to 500 mg every 6 hours for 7 to 14 days, depending on the severity and type of infection. Take the medication on an empty stomach (1 hour before or 2 hours after meals) to improve absorption.
Who Shouldn't Take Dicloxacillin Sodium?
Dicloxacillin Sodium should not be used in individuals with:
- Known hypersensitivity to penicillin antibiotics
- Severe renal impairment, unless closely monitored
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take Dicloxacillin Sodium on an empty stomach with a full glass of water. Do not take with food, as it can reduce the effectiveness of the medication.
- Complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if you start feeling better, to prevent the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
- If you experience any signs of an allergic reaction, such as rash, itching, or difficulty breathing, seek medical attention immediately.
Side Effects of Dicloxacillin Sodium
Common Side Effects
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Stomach upset
- Rash
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis)
- Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea
- Liver damage
- Kidney impairment
Risks and Warnings of Dicloxacillin Sodium
Allergic Reactions: As with all penicillin antibiotics, Dicloxacillin can cause serious allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. Patients with a history of penicillin allergy should not use this drug.
Clostridium difficile Infection: Prolonged use of Dicloxacillin can lead to an overgrowth of C. difficile in the intestines, causing severe diarrhea. Inform your healthcare provider if you experience persistent diarrhea.
Superinfections: Prolonged or repeated use of antibiotics can result in secondary infections, such as yeast infections or fungal overgrowth.
Interactions with Dicloxacillin Sodium
Common Drug Interactions
- Oral contraceptives: Dicloxacillin may reduce the effectiveness of birth control pills, so additional contraceptive measures should be used during treatment.
- Probenecid: Taking probenecid with Dicloxacillin can increase the blood levels of the antibiotic, potentially increasing the risk of side effects.
- Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin): Dicloxacillin may decrease the effectiveness of blood thinners, requiring monitoring of clotting times.
Alternatives to Dicloxacillin Sodium
- Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin): A combination antibiotic used for similar bacterial infections with a broader spectrum of action.
- Cephalexin (Keflex): A cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat skin infections and other bacterial conditions.
- Clindamycin: A lincosamide antibiotic often used as an alternative for patients allergic to penicillin.