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Avalide
Avalide is a combination medication containing irbesartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), and hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic (water pill). It is primarily used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Irbesartan helps relax blood vessels by blocking the action of angiotensin II, a chemical that narrows blood vessels, while hydrochlorothiazide helps the body eliminate excess salt and water through urine. Together, these actions help lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of complications like stroke, heart attack, and kidney damage.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What should I do if I miss a dose of Avalide?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it's almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose. Do not double up on doses.
Can I take Avalide with food?
Yes, Avalide can be taken with or without food, but it should be taken at the same time each day for consistency.
How long does it take for Avalide to start lowering blood pressure?
You may start to notice a reduction in blood pressure within 1-2 weeks, but it may take 4-6 weeks to see the full effects.
Can Avalide cause dehydration?
Yes, due to the diuretic component (hydrochlorothiazide), Avalide can cause increased urination, which may lead to dehydration if not managed properly. Make sure to drink enough fluids.
Is Avalide safe to use during pregnancy?
No, Avalide is not recommended during pregnancy, especially during the second and third trimesters, as it can harm the developing fetus.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Avalide Work?
Avalide works in two ways:
- Irbesartan blocks the action of angiotensin II, a hormone that causes blood vessels to constrict, allowing the blood vessels to relax and widen. This helps lower blood pressure.
- Hydrochlorothiazide increases the amount of salt and water eliminated by the kidneys, reducing fluid retention and further helping to lower blood pressure.
The combination of these two mechanisms leads to a greater reduction in blood pressure than either drug alone.
Common Dosages
- 150 mg of irbesartan / 12.5 mg of hydrochlorothiazide.
- 300 mg of irbesartan / 12.5 mg of hydrochlorothiazide.
- The dosage is individualized based on your blood pressure response and the severity of hypertension.
Typical Dosing
For adults with hypertension:
- The usual starting dose of Avalide is 150 mg/12.5 mg once daily, taken by mouth.
- If blood pressure control is inadequate, the dose may be increased to 300 mg/12.5 mg once daily.
- Your healthcare provider may adjust the dose based on your response to treatment.
Avalide can be taken with or without food, but it should be taken at the same time each day.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Treatment of high blood pressure (hypertension) in adults.
It is typically used when blood pressure cannot be adequately controlled with irbesartan or hydrochlorothiazide alone.
Who Shouldn't Take Avalide?
- Allergy or hypersensitivity to irbesartan, hydrochlorothiazide, or any other components of the medication.
- Severe kidney disease or anuria (inability to produce urine).
- Severe liver disease.
- Pregnancy, especially in the second and third trimesters, as it can harm the fetus.
- Low potassium or sodium levels in the blood that have not been corrected.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take Avalide once daily, preferably in the morning, as the diuretic component (hydrochlorothiazide) can increase urination.
- To avoid dehydration, make sure to stay well-hydrated while taking Avalide.
- Monitor your blood pressure regularly and inform your healthcare provider if you experience dizziness or lightheadedness, which may indicate your blood pressure is too low.
- Avoid potassium supplements or salt substitutes containing potassium unless advised by your healthcare provider, as irbesartan can increase potassium levels.
- Also, alcohol may further lower blood pressure and increase the risk of dizziness.
Side Effects of Avalide
Common Side Effects
- Dizziness or lightheadedness, especially when standing up (orthostatic hypotension).
- Increased urination.
- Fatigue or weakness.
- Nausea.
- Muscle cramps due to electrolyte imbalances (such as low potassium).
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Severe dehydration or electrolyte imbalances (signs include dry mouth, confusion, or severe muscle cramps).
- Allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling, difficulty breathing).
- Kidney problems (decreased urination, swelling in legs or ankles).
- Liver issues (yellowing of the skin or eyes).
Risks and Warnings of Avalide
- Avalide can cause low blood pressure (hypotension), especially in patients who are dehydrated or taking other blood pressure medications. If you experience dizziness or fainting, sit or lie down and contact your healthcare provider.
- Electrolyte imbalances (low potassium, sodium, or magnesium) may occur due to the diuretic component, and regular blood tests may be required to monitor your levels.
- Kidney function should be monitored while taking Avalide, especially in individuals with preexisting kidney problems. Avalide is not recommended for use during pregnancy, as it can harm the developing fetus, particularly in the second and third trimesters.
Interactions with Avalide
Common Drug Interactions
- Potassium supplements or potassium-sparing diuretics, which may increase the risk of high potassium levels.
- NSAIDs (such as ibuprofen), which may reduce the effectiveness of Avalide and affect kidney function.
- Lithium, which can be affected by the diuretic component of Avalide, potentially leading to lithium toxicity.
- Other blood pressure medications, which may increase the risk of low blood pressure.
Alternatives to Avalide
- Other combination therapies (e.g., Losartan/Hydrochlorothiazide, Valsartan/Hydrochlorothiazide).
- ACE inhibitors (such as Lisinopril).
- Calcium channel blockers (such as Amlodipine).
- Beta-blockers (such as Metoprolol).