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Atovaquone
Atovaquone is a medication primarily used to prevent and treat Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), a very serious kind of pneumonia commonly experienced by individuals with a weak immune system. Other uses include preventing and treating a type of malaria, known as Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. Potential side effects include rash, fever, and nausea, but your healthcare provider will usually weigh up the benefits against these possible risks.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Are there any special dietary instructions while taking Atovaquone?
Yes, atovaquone is best absorbed when taken with fatty food. Include a meal or snack that contains dietary fats with your medication.
Can I stop taking Atovaquone once I feel better?
No, it's crucial to finish the full course of therapy, even if you feel better before the completion, as premature discontinuation may lead to a return of the infection.
Can I take antacids with Atovaquone?
Yes, you can, but it's better to take them 2 hours before or 2 hours after to ensure proper absorption of atovaquone.
I missed a dose of Atovaquone, what should I do?
Just take the missed dose as soon as you recall. However, if it's too close to your next dose, skip the missed dose. Don't double the dose.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Atovaquone Work?
Atovaquone is an antiparasitic medication that disrupts the mitochondria of the infectioncausing organisms, preventing their growth and proliferation, leading to their death.
What is Atovaquone Used For?
FDA indications: Atovaquone is especially helpful in preventing and treating Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) in adults and pediatric patients, and also in preventing malaria in people who cannot tolerate conventional antimalarial drugs.
Offlabel uses: It?s also used in rescuing or alternative treatments for toxoplasmosis and babesiosis.
Common Dosages
Oral suspension: 750mg/5mL
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Pneumocystis pneumonia: 750mg to 1500mg per day.
- Prevention of Pneumocystis pneumonia: 1500mg once daily.
- Malaria prevention: 750mg per day, starting 1 to 2 days before traveling to the area where malaria is common.
Off-Label Uses
- For offlabel uses:
- Toxoplasmosis: 750mg to 1500mg per day.
- Babesiosis: 750mg per day, along with other medications.
Who Shouldn't Take Atovaquone?
- People are allergic to atovaquone or any component of its formulation.
- For those with severe diarrhea or gastrointestinal conditions, it might reduce the absorption of the drug.
- Patients with severe kidney or liver disease.
- Pregnant women, those planning pregnancy, or those breastfeeding should consult with their healthcare providers before taking Atovaquone.
- People with a history of blood disorders must inform their doctor as Atovaquone can occasionally affect blood cell counts.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- While taking atovaquone, make sure to hydrate adequately to alleviate potential side effects.
- To help with absorption, take this medication with food, preferably a meal or snack high in fat.
- Keep all your appointments with your doctor and the laboratory. Your doctor may order certain lab tests to check your body's response to atovaquone.
- If you start experiencing unusual fatigue, or difficulty breathing, or if your skin and eyes start yellowing, immediately get medical help.
Side Effects of Atovaquone
Common Side Effects
- Nausea or vomiting.
- Headaches and fever.
- Diarrhea.
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Rare side effects:
- Yellowing of skin and eyes (jaundice) indicative of liver problems.
- Severe skin rash.
- Severe side effects:
- Abnormal heartbeat.
- Dark urine.
- Fatigue or weakness.
- Mouth sores.
- Pale skin (a potential sign of anemia).
Risks and Warnings of Atovaquone
- Atovaquone, while beneficial for several conditions, is not for everyone. Those with a high risk of blood disorders should use atovaquone cautiously; a healthcare provider will monitor its use.
- If you have severe kidney or liver disease or have issues with chronic diarrhea, this medication is not advised as it might further complicate these conditions.
- If you?re pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or nursing, you must discuss with your doctor the use of atovaquone, as its effects on infants are not definitively known.
- Those with allergies to atovaquone or any component of its formulation should avoid this medication.
Interactions with Atovaquone
Common Drug Interactions
- Rifampin
- Tetracycline
- Metoclopramide
- Indinavir
- Rifabutin
Alternatives to Atovaquone
- Primaquine
- Chloroquine
- Mefloquine
- Doxycycline
- Malarone
