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Amantadine HCl
Amantadine HCl is the generic version of Symmetrel. It is prescribed for treating Parkinson's disease, drug-induced movement disorders, and certain cases of influenza A. Amantadine belongs to both the antiviral and dopaminergic agent drug classes. It helps manage Parkinson's disease by increasing dopamine levels in the brain, reducing symptoms like stiffness and tremors. For influenza A, it works by inhibiting viral replication.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Can Amantadine HCl be used long-term for Parkinson’s disease?
Yes, Amantadine can be used for long-term management of Parkinson's disease, though patients should be regularly monitored for side effects.
Is Amantadine HCl effective against all strains of influenza?
Amantadine is specifically effective against influenza A, but due to resistance, it is less commonly used for this purpose today.
How should Amantadine HCl be stored?
Store the medication at room temperature, away from light and moisture.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Amantadine HCl Work?
Amantadine HCl works differently depending on the condition it treats. For Parkinson's disease, it increases dopamine release and blocks its reuptake in the brain, helping to ease movement-related symptoms. For influenza A, it inhibits the virus's ability to replicate by blocking the M2 protein, which is essential for viral replication.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
Amantadine HCl is FDA-approved for:
- Parkinson’s disease
- Drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms
- Influenza A prophylaxis and treatment (though less commonly used due to resistance)
Off-Label Uses
Off-label, it is sometimes used for treating fatigue in multiple sclerosis.
Who Shouldn't Take Amantadine HCl?
Amantadine HCl should not be used in patients with:
- Known hypersensitivity to amantadine or any of its ingredients
- Severe renal impairment
- History of seizures or epilepsy
- Untreated angle-closure glaucoma
Advice From The Pharmacist
When taking Amantadine HCl, it is important to follow your healthcare provider's instructions. Take the medication at the same time each day, with or without food. Avoid alcohol, as it can increase the risk of side effects like dizziness. If you experience any unusual changes in mood or behavior, contact your healthcare provider immediately.
Side Effects of Amantadine HCl
Common Side Effects
Common side effects include:
- Nausea
- Dizziness
- Dry mouth
- Insomnia
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
Serious side effects may include:
- Hallucinations
- Confusion
- Swelling in the legs and feet
- Shortness of breath
Risks and Warnings of Amantadine HCl
Major risks associated with Amantadine HCl include:
- Neuropsychiatric Effects: It may cause confusion, hallucinations, or other behavioral changes, especially in older adults.
- Orthostatic Hypotension: There’s a risk of blood pressure dropping when standing up, which can cause dizziness or fainting.
- Renal Impairment: Dosage must be adjusted in patients with kidney issues to prevent toxicity.
Interactions with Amantadine HCl
Common Drug Interactions
Amantadine HCl may interact with:
- Anticholinergic Drugs: Increased risk of side effects such as dry mouth and constipation.
- CNS Stimulants: Can heighten the risk of psychiatric side effects.
- Diuretics: May increase the risk of toxicity due to reduced kidney clearance. Patients should avoid alcohol and discuss any allergies with their healthcare provider before starting this medication.
Alternatives to Amantadine HCl
Alternative medications to Amantadine HCl include:
- Levodopa/Carbidopa: A mainstay treatment for Parkinson's disease.
- Oseltamivir (Tamiflu): An alternative antiviral for influenza.
- Benztropine: Another option for drug-induced movement disorders.
