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Tamiflu
Tamiflu, the brand name for oseltamivir phosphate, is an antiviral medication used to treat and prevent the influenza virus (flu) in adults and children. It belongs to a class of drugs known as neuraminidase inhibitors, which help block the spread of the flu virus in the body. Tamiflu is most effective when taken within 48 hours of the onset of flu symptoms. It helps reduce the severity of symptoms, shortens the duration of illness, and can also be used as a preventive measure for those who have been exposed to the flu virus but have not yet developed symptoms.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Tamiflu to work?
Tamiflu starts to reduce flu symptoms within 1 to 2 days of starting treatment, but full recovery may take longer. It shortens the duration of illness by 1 to 2 days on average.
Can Tamiflu prevent the flu?
Yes, Tamiflu can be taken to prevent the flu if you’ve been exposed to the virus but have not yet developed symptoms. It should be started within 48 hours of exposure for maximum effectiveness.
Can I take Tamiflu with other medications?
Tamiflu has few significant drug interactions, but it may interfere with the effectiveness of live influenza vaccines like FluMist. Always inform your healthcare provider about any medications or supplements you are taking.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Tamiflu?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not take two doses at once.
Is Tamiflu safe for children?
Yes, Tamiflu is safe for children aged 2 weeks and older for the treatment of flu. Dosing is based on the child’s weight, and an oral suspension form is available for children who cannot swallow capsules.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Tamiflu Work?
Tamiflu works by inhibiting the neuraminidase enzyme on the surface of the influenza virus. This enzyme is essential for the virus to replicate and spread from infected cells to healthy ones. By blocking neuraminidase, Tamiflu reduces the release of new viruses from infected cells, limiting the spread of the flu virus in the respiratory tract. This action helps to shorten the duration of flu symptoms and reduces the risk of complications.
Common Dosages
- 30 mg, 45 mg, and 75 mg oral capsules
- 6 mg/mL oral suspension
Typical Dosing
- For treatment of influenza:
- Adults and children aged 13 and older: 75 mg twice daily for 5 days.
- Children aged 1 to 12 years: Dosage is based on weight, typically 30 mg to 75 mg twice daily for 5 days.
- Infants aged 2 weeks to less than 1 year: 3 mg/kg twice daily for 5 days.
- For prevention of influenza:
- Adults and children aged 13 and older: 75 mg once daily for at least 10 days.
- Children aged 1 to 12 years: Dosage is based on weight, typically 30 mg to 75 mg once daily for 10 days.
Dosage may be adjusted for patients with kidney impairment.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Treatment of acute, uncomplicated influenza in patients aged 2 weeks and older who have had flu symptoms for no more than 48 hours.
- Prevention (prophylaxis) of influenza in patients aged 1 year and older who have been exposed to the virus.
Who Shouldn't Take Tamiflu?
- Known hypersensitivity to oseltamivir or any component of the formulation.
- A history of severe allergic reactions to neuraminidase inhibitors.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Start Tamiflu as soon as possible after the onset of flu symptoms, preferably within the first 48 hours, to achieve the best results.
- If taking the oral suspension, shake the bottle well before each use and measure the dose with the provided dosing syringe or cup to ensure accuracy.
- Finish the full course of treatment, even if you start feeling better, to ensure the virus is fully cleared from your body.
- Tamiflu can be taken with or without food, but taking it with food may help reduce stomach upset.
- If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double up on doses.
Side Effects of Tamiflu
Common Side Effects
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Headache
- Stomach pain
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Allergic reactions: Rash, itching, swelling, and difficulty breathing.
- Neuropsychiatric events: Confusion, delirium, or unusual behavior, especially in children and adolescents.
- Severe skin reactions: Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis (rare).
Risks and Warnings of Tamiflu
- Neuropsychiatric effects: Tamiflu has been associated with confusion, hallucinations, and unusual behavior, particularly in children. Parents should monitor for these symptoms and contact a healthcare provider if they occur.
- Allergic reactions: Rare but serious allergic reactions can occur. If you experience symptoms such as hives, difficulty breathing, or swelling of the face, lips, or tongue, discontinue Tamiflu and seek immediate medical attention.
- Kidney impairment: Patients with kidney problems may need a lower dose of Tamiflu, as the drug is eliminated through the kidneys.
Interactions with Tamiflu
Common Drug Interactions
- Live attenuated influenza vaccine (FluMist): Tamiflu may reduce the effectiveness of live influenza vaccines. It is recommended to avoid administering live vaccines within 2 weeks before or 48 hours after taking Tamiflu.
- Probenecid: This medication can increase the levels of oseltamivir in the body, which may increase the risk of side effects.
There are no significant interactions with common prescription medications, but always inform your healthcare provider of any medications or supplements you are taking.
Alternatives to Tamiflu
- Relenza (zanamivir): Another neuraminidase inhibitor used to treat and prevent influenza. It is delivered via an inhaler.
- Xofluza (baloxavir marboxil): A newer antiviral that works by inhibiting the virus’s ability to replicate. It is taken as a single oral dose.
- Peramivir (Rapivab): An intravenous antiviral medication used to treat flu in hospitalized patients who cannot take oral medications.