Browse Medications by Medical Condition: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Written by Amar Lunagaria
Pharm.D • NiHowdy Founder
Reviewed by James Wong
Pharm.D • NiHowdy Founder
Published Jan 15, 2025
Fact checkedWhat is Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), often called Lou Gehrig's disease, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. The disease leads to the degeneration of motor neurons, which control voluntary muscle movements such as walking, speaking, and breathing. Over time, ALS causes muscle weakness, paralysis, and eventually the loss of the ability to perform basic bodily functions. Although rare, ALS is a devastating condition with significant impacts on patients and their families.
History of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?
ALS was first described in 1869 by French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot, who identified the progressive loss of motor neuron function as its defining feature. The disease gained broader public awareness in 1939 when it claimed the life of famed baseball player Lou Gehrig. In the 20th century, research into ALS advanced significantly, leading to the discovery of genetic mutations like SOD1 associated with the disease. In recent years, campaigns like the Ice Bucket Challenge have raised substantial funds for ALS research, leading to a deeper understanding of its mechanisms and potential treatments.
What causes Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?
The exact cause of ALS is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. About 5-10% of cases are familial, caused by inherited genetic mutations such as those in the SOD1 or C9ORF72 genes. The remaining 90-95% are sporadic, with no clear familial link. Environmental factors such as exposure to toxins, traumatic injuries, and smoking may increase risk. The disease is characterized by abnormal protein accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation, all contributing to motor neuron death.
Risk factors for Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Several factors increase the likelihood of developing ALS. The condition is most common in individuals between the ages of 40 and 70, with a slight predominance in men. A family history of ALS or other neurodegenerative diseases significantly raises the risk. Exposure to environmental toxins, military service (possibly due to environmental exposures), and smoking have also been associated with a higher risk of ALS. However, most cases arise with no identifiable risk factors.
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How to prevent Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
There is currently no known way to prevent ALS due to its complex and multifactorial causes. However, adopting a healthy lifestyle may reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases in general. Avoiding smoking, limiting exposure to environmental toxins, and maintaining a balanced diet rich in antioxidants may support overall neural health. Genetic counseling can help families with a history of ALS understand their risks and explore early intervention options.
Symptoms of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
ALS symptoms typically begin subtly and worsen over time. Early signs include muscle weakness or stiffness, often in the hands, feet, or limbs. As the disease progresses, individuals may experience difficulty speaking, swallowing, or breathing. Muscle twitching (fasciculations), cramping, and unintentional weight loss are also common. While ALS affects voluntary muscles, it typically does not impair cognitive function, although some patients may develop frontotemporal dementia (FTD).
When to see a doctor about Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
How is Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) diagnosed?
ALS is diagnosed through a combination of clinical evaluations, imaging, and laboratory tests. Neurologists assess muscle strength, reflexes, and coordination. Electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies measure electrical activity in the muscles and nerves to detect motor neuron dysfunction. Imaging studies like MRI rule out other conditions with similar symptoms, such as multiple sclerosis. Genetic testing may be conducted for individuals with a family history of ALS.
Treatment options for Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
While there is no cure for ALS, treatments focus on slowing disease progression and improving quality of life. Medications such as riluzole and edaravone may modestly extend survival and reduce symptom severity. Supportive therapies, including physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy, help manage functional decline. Non-invasive ventilation devices and feeding tubes can address respiratory and nutritional needs in advanced stages. Multidisciplinary care is essential for optimal management.
List of drugs for Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
| Drug Name | More Information | NiHowdy Prices & Bitcoin Rebate |
|---|
| Exservan | Exservan Information | Exservan Pricing |
| Radicava ORS | Radicava ORS Information | Radicava ORS Pricing |
| Radicava ORS Starter Kit | Radicava ORS Starter Kit Information | Radicava ORS Starter Kit Pricing |
| Relyvrio | Relyvrio Information | Relyvrio Pricing |
| Rilutek | Rilutek Information | Rilutek Pricing |
| Riluzole | Riluzole Information | Riluzole Pricing |
| Tiglutik | Tiglutik Information | Tiglutik Pricing |
Medications used to treat Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?
Riluzole, the first FDA-approved drug for ALS, works by reducing glutamate toxicity, which is believed to contribute to motor neuron death. Edaravone, another approved treatment, acts as an antioxidant to reduce oxidative stress in neurons. These medications provide modest benefits, and ongoing clinical trials are exploring additional therapeutic options, including gene therapies and stem cell-based treatments.
Lifestyle adjustments for managing Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
For individuals with ALS, adopting lifestyle changes can help manage symptoms and maintain independence for as long as possible. Regular physical activity tailored to individual abilities can preserve muscle function. Assistive devices such as walkers, wheelchairs, and communication aids enhance mobility and communication. A dietitian can help design a nutrition plan to prevent weight loss and ensure adequate caloric intake. Emotional support from family, friends, and counselors is also critical.
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Indirect and direct costs associated with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?
ALS imposes significant financial and emotional costs on patients and families. Direct costs include medications, medical equipment, home modifications, and long-term care services. Indirect costs stem from lost income due to disability and the need for family members to provide care. The annual cost of care for ALS patients can reach tens of thousands of dollars, making financial planning and access to resources crucial.
Living with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?
Living with ALS requires a proactive approach to adapting to the disease's progression. Patients benefit from a supportive care team that includes neurologists, therapists, and palliative care specialists. Families play a vital role in daily care, emphasizing the importance of caregiver support. Staying connected with support groups and advocacy organizations can help patients and caregivers navigate the challenges of the disease and find hope in the face of adversity.
Support resources for patients with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Resources for ALS patients and families include organizations like the ALS Association and Muscular Dystrophy Association, which offer educational materials, support groups, and funding for equipment. The National ALS Registry provides information on clinical trials and research opportunities. Local chapters and online communities can connect individuals with others facing similar challenges, fostering a sense of community and shared experience.
The future of research for Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
ALS research is advancing rapidly, focusing on understanding its underlying mechanisms and developing novel therapies. Gene therapies targeting specific mutations, stem cell-based approaches to replace damaged neurons, and drugs aimed at reducing inflammation and oxidative stress show promise. Researchers are also investigating biomarkers to improve early diagnosis and monitor disease progression. Collaborative efforts, fueled by increased awareness and funding, offer hope for breakthroughs in treatment.
Innovations in care for Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Innovative technologies are transforming ALS care, from advanced communication devices to wearable sensors that track disease progression. Brain-computer interface systems enable individuals with severe paralysis to communicate through thought-controlled devices. Experimental therapies, such as gene-editing techniques like CRISPR, aim to correct genetic mutations. These advancements, coupled with continued research, hold the potential to significantly improve outcomes and quality of life for ALS patients.
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