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Zovirax
Zovirax (acyclovir) is an antiviral medication used to treat infections caused by the herpes virus, including genital herpes, cold sores, shingles (herpes zoster), and chickenpox (varicella). Acyclovir works by inhibiting the replication of the herpes virus, reducing symptoms such as pain, itching, and the severity of outbreaks. It is not a cure for herpes, but it helps control and manage the symptoms.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How quickly does Zovirax work?
Zovirax begins to reduce symptoms within 1-2 days of starting treatment. For best results, it should be taken or applied at the first sign of an outbreak.
Can I take Zovirax every day to prevent outbreaks?
Yes, Zovirax can be taken daily for long-term suppression of recurrent herpes outbreaks. Your doctor may prescribe a lower dose for maintenance therapy.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Zovirax?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue your regular schedule. Do not double up on doses.
Is Zovirax safe during pregnancy?
Zovirax is generally considered safe for use during pregnancy, especially when used to prevent herpes outbreaks that could be transmitted to the baby during childbirth. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting or continuing Zovirax during pregnancy.
Can Zovirax cure herpes?
No, Zovirax does not cure herpes. It helps manage the symptoms and reduce the severity and frequency of outbreaks, but the virus remains in the body. Safe practices should still be followed to prevent transmission.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Zovirax Work?
Zovirax works by interfering with the replication of the herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV), inhibiting viral DNA synthesis. This prevents the virus from multiplying and spreading, allowing the body’s immune system to better control the infection. Zovirax helps reduce the duration and severity of viral outbreaks but does not eliminate the virus from the body.
Common Dosages
- Tablets: 200 mg, 400 mg, 800 mg
- Capsules: 200 mg
- Cream/Ointment: 5% for topical application
- Oral suspension: 200 mg/5 mL
Typical Dosing
- For genital herpes: The usual dose is 200 mg five times daily for 10 days during the initial outbreak, followed by a maintenance dose of 400 mg twice daily for suppression of recurrent outbreaks.
- For shingles: The recommended dose is 800 mg five times daily for 7-10 days.
- For chickenpox: The dose for children over 2 years of age is 20 mg/kg four times daily for 5 days.
- For cold sores: Apply Zovirax cream to the affected area five times a day for 4 days.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Genital herpes (herpes simplex virus)
- Cold sores (herpes labialis)
- Shingles (herpes zoster)
- Chickenpox (varicella)
Who Shouldn't Take Zovirax?
- Known hypersensitivity or allergy to acyclovir or valacyclovir (a related antiviral drug)
- Severe kidney disease without appropriate dose adjustment
Advice From The Pharmacist
- For oral forms, take Zovirax with a full glass of water to prevent kidney issues, and stay well-hydrated throughout treatment.
- Zovirax works best when started at the first sign of an outbreak (e.g., tingling or itching for cold sores). Begin treatment as soon as possible to maximize its effectiveness.
- The cream or ointment should be applied directly to the affected area; wash your hands thoroughly before and after applying to avoid spreading the virus.
- Zovirax is not a cure for herpes, and outbreaks can still occur. Use safe practices, such as avoiding contact with the affected area during an active outbreak, to prevent spreading the virus.
- For patients with kidney problems, dosage adjustments may be necessary, and kidney function should be monitored.
Side Effects of Zovirax
Common Side Effects
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Localized burning or itching (for topical forms)
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Kidney problems (changes in urination, swelling in the hands or feet)
- Severe allergic reactions (rash, swelling, difficulty breathing)
- Neurological effects (confusion, hallucinations, tremors)
Risks and Warnings of Zovirax
- Kidney Damage: Zovirax can cause kidney issues, particularly in patients with pre-existing kidney conditions. Staying hydrated is essential to reduce this risk.
- Neurological Side Effects: In rare cases, Zovirax can cause neurological symptoms such as confusion, agitation, or hallucinations, especially in elderly patients or those with kidney problems.
- Resistance: Long-term use of Zovirax may lead to reduced effectiveness due to viral resistance. Regular check-ins with your healthcare provider are recommended for ongoing treatment.
Interactions with Zovirax
Common Drug Interactions
- Probenecid: This medication may increase the levels of Zovirax in the blood, leading to an increased risk of side effects.
- Other nephrotoxic drugs: Combining Zovirax with other drugs that affect kidney function (such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or certain antibiotics) may increase the risk of kidney damage.
- Immunosuppressive drugs: Patients on immunosuppressants, such as those with organ transplants, should be monitored closely, as Zovirax may interact with these medications.
Alternatives to Zovirax
- Valtrex (valacyclovir): A related antiviral used to treat similar herpes virus infections with a longer half-life, allowing for less frequent dosing.
- Famvir (famciclovir): Another antiviral used for herpes infections that can be dosed less frequently than Zovirax.
- OTC treatments (for cold sores): Over-the-counter creams like docosanol (Abreva) are available for mild cold sore treatment, though they are generally less effective than prescription antivirals.
