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Valtrex
Valtrex (generic name: valACYclovir) is an antiviral medication used to treat infections caused by the herpes virus family, including herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV). It is commonly prescribed for managing and suppressing outbreaks of cold sores, genital herpes, shingles, and chickenpox. Valtrex works by reducing the severity and duration of symptoms associated with these viral infections. It also helps to prevent the spread of herpes infections and is often used as a suppressive therapy in people with frequent herpes outbreaks.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How soon should I take Valtrex for a herpes outbreak?
It’s best to start Valtrex at the first sign of an outbreak (e.g., tingling, itching, or sores) to achieve the maximum effect and reduce the duration of symptoms.
Can Valtrex cure herpes?
No, Valtrex does not cure herpes. It helps manage the symptoms, reduce the severity and frequency of outbreaks, and speed up the healing process, but the herpes virus remains in the body.
Can Valtrex be used long-term to prevent herpes outbreaks?
Yes, Valtrex can be used for long-term suppressive therapy to reduce the frequency of genital herpes outbreaks. Your healthcare provider will determine the appropriate dose based on the frequency of your outbreaks.
Is Valtrex safe to take during pregnancy?
Valtrex can be used during pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmitting genital herpes to the baby, particularly during delivery. Consult your healthcare provider to weigh the benefits and risks.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Valtrex?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s close to the time of your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double up on doses.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Valtrex Work?
Valtrex is a prodrug that converts into acyclovir in the body. Acyclovir works by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase, preventing the herpes virus from replicating and spreading. This reduces the severity of symptoms and speeds up the healing of sores and lesions caused by herpes viruses. Additionally, Valtrex can help prevent future outbreaks when used as a suppressive therapy.
Common Dosages
- 500 mg oral tablets.
- 1,000 mg (1 gram) oral tablets.
Typical Dosing
- For cold sores (herpes labialis): The recommended dose is 2 grams every 12 hours for 1 day (total of two doses).
- For genital herpes (initial episode): The typical dose is 1 gram twice daily for 10 days.
- For recurrent genital herpes: The dose is 500 mg twice daily for 3 days.
- For suppressive therapy in genital herpes: The usual dose is 500 mg to 1 gram once daily, depending on the frequency of outbreaks.
- For shingles: The recommended dose is 1 gram three times daily for 7 days.
- For chickenpox (in children): The dose is based on weight, typically 20 mg/kg three times daily for 5 days (maximum of 1 gram per dose).
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Treatment of cold sores (herpes labialis).
- Treatment and suppression of genital herpes.
- Treatment of shingles (herpes zoster).
- Prevention of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in high-risk transplant patients.
- Treatment of chickenpox in children aged 2 years and older.
Who Shouldn't Take Valtrex?
- Known hypersensitivity to valACYclovir, acyclovir, or any component of the formulation.
- Severe kidney impairment without dose adjustment, as the drug is cleared through the kidneys.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take Valtrex as soon as you notice symptoms of herpes, such as tingling, itching, or the appearance of sores, to achieve the best results.
- Drink plenty of water while taking Valtrex, as staying hydrated helps reduce the risk of kidney side effects.
- Complete the full course of therapy, even if symptoms improve before the treatment is finished.
- Store Valtrex at room temperature, away from excessive heat and moisture.
- If you are taking Valtrex as suppressive therapy for genital herpes, talk to your healthcare provider about the need for regular follow-up visits.
Side Effects of Valtrex
Common Side Effects
- Headache
- Nausea or vomiting
- Dizziness
- Abdominal pain
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Kidney problems (reduced urine output, swelling, or fatigue).
- Confusion, hallucinations, or seizures (more common in elderly patients or those with kidney issues).
- Allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling, difficulty breathing).
Risks and Warnings of Valtrex
- Kidney Function: Valtrex is processed by the kidneys, and individuals with impaired kidney function may require dose adjustments to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity.
- CNS Effects: Valtrex may cause confusion, hallucinations, or seizures, particularly in elderly patients or those with underlying kidney problems. Contact your healthcare provider if you experience any neurological symptoms.
- Hydration: It is essential to stay well-hydrated while taking Valtrex to avoid kidney problems.
Interactions with Valtrex
Common Drug Interactions
- Nephrotoxic drugs (e.g., NSAIDs, aminoglycosides): These medications may increase the risk of kidney damage when taken with Valtrex.
- Probenecid: This drug can reduce the excretion of Valtrex, potentially increasing the risk of side effects.
- Immunosuppressants (e.g., mycophenolate mofetil, cyclosporine): These medications can increase the risk of kidney problems when used together with Valtrex, particularly in transplant patients.
Alternatives to Valtrex
- Acyclovir: The active form of Valtrex, available as both an oral and intravenous formulation for treating herpes infections.
- Famciclovir: Another antiviral used to treat herpes simplex and herpes zoster infections with a similar dosing schedule.
- Penciclovir: A topical antiviral used to treat cold sores (herpes labialis).
