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Zonisade
Zonisade (generic name: zonisamide) is an oral anticonvulsant medication used to treat partial-onset seizures in patients with epilepsy. It is prescribed to help control seizure activity by stabilizing electrical activity in the brain. Zonisade is particularly used in patients aged 16 years and older and can be used as a standalone treatment or in combination with other antiepileptic medications.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Zonisade to start working?
It may take a few weeks to see the full effect of Zonisade in controlling seizures, as the dose is gradually increased to minimize side effects.
Can I stop taking Zonisade if I feel better?
No, you should not stop taking Zonisade abruptly, as this can lead to an increase in seizure frequency or severity. Consult your healthcare provider if you need to discontinue the medication.
How can I reduce the risk of kidney stones while taking Zonisade?
To reduce the risk of kidney stones, drink plenty of fluids throughout the day. Staying well-hydrated helps flush out potential stone-forming substances.
Can Zonisade affect my mood or mental health?
Yes, Zonisade can cause mood changes, including depression or suicidal thoughts. It is important to inform your healthcare provider if you experience any changes in your mental health.
Can Zonisade be used in children?
Zonisade is approved for use in patients aged 16 years and older for the treatment of partial-onset seizures. It is not typically prescribed for younger children.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Zonisade Work?
Zonisade works by blocking sodium channels in the brain, which helps stabilize abnormal electrical activity that leads to seizures. It also affects calcium channels and modulates neurotransmitter release, contributing to its anticonvulsant effects.
Common Dosages
- 100 mg/5 mL oral suspension
Typical Dosing
- The typical starting dose of Zonisade is 100 mg once daily. The dose may be increased gradually based on the patient’s response to treatment, up to a maximum of 400 mg per day in divided doses.
- Shake well before use to ensure the suspension is properly mixed.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Treatment of partial-onset seizures in patients aged 16 years and older with epilepsy.
Who Shouldn't Take Zonisade?
- Known hypersensitivity to zonisamide or any of its components.
- Allergy to sulfonamides (sulfa drugs), as zonisamide is chemically related to sulfa medications.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take Zonisade as prescribed, with or without food. Make sure to shake the suspension well before each use to ensure the medication is properly mixed.
- Drink plenty of fluids while taking Zonisade to reduce the risk of kidney stones, which is a potential side effect of this medication.
- Do not stop taking Zonisade suddenly, as this can lead to increased seizures or withdrawal symptoms. Consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your dosage.
- Monitor your mental health while on Zonisade, as some patients may experience mood changes, depression, or suicidal thoughts.
Side Effects of Zonisade
Common Side Effects
- Drowsiness
- Dizziness
- Fatigue
- Loss of appetite
- Weight loss
- Headache
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Kidney stones
- Increased risk of metabolic acidosis (excessive acidity in the blood)
- Severe skin reactions (rash, blistering, peeling)
- Suicidal thoughts or behaviors
- Changes in mental health or mood (depression, anxiety)
Risks and Warnings of Zonisade
- Kidney Stones: Zonisade can increase the risk of kidney stones. Patients should drink plenty of fluids while taking this medication to reduce the risk of developing stones.
- Metabolic Acidosis: Zonisade can cause metabolic acidosis, which is an increase in the acidity of the blood. Symptoms may include rapid breathing, fatigue, and confusion. Regular monitoring of blood bicarbonate levels is recommended.
- Suicidal Thoughts: Antiepileptic drugs, including Zonisade, may increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Close monitoring of mental health is important, especially during the initial phase of treatment.
Interactions with Zonisade
Common Drug Interactions
- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (e.g., acetazolamide, topiramate): Using these medications with Zonisade can increase the risk of kidney stones.
- CNS depressants (e.g., opioids, benzodiazepines): Co-administration with CNS depressants may increase drowsiness, dizziness, and the risk of sedation.
- Oral contraceptives: Zonisade may reduce the effectiveness of certain hormonal contraceptives. Consider using non-hormonal methods of contraception.
Alternatives to Zonisade
- Levetiracetam (Keppra): An anticonvulsant used to treat partial-onset and generalized seizures.
- Lamotrigine (Lamictal): Another anticonvulsant used for partial and generalized seizures.
- Topiramate (Topamax): Used for epilepsy and migraine prevention, also affects sodium channels and neurotransmitter modulation.
