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Vasotec
Vasotec (generic name: enalapril maleate) is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), heart failure, and to improve survival after a heart attack. By blocking the enzyme that causes blood vessels to tighten, Vasotec helps relax blood vessels, improving blood flow and reducing blood pressure. It is also used to help manage symptoms in individuals with chronic heart failure and to protect the heart in individuals who have had a heart attack.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Vasotec to start lowering blood pressure?
Vasotec typically starts lowering blood pressure within a few hours after the first dose, but it may take 1 to 2 weeks to see the full effect.
Can I stop taking Vasotec if my blood pressure is under control?
No, you should not stop taking Vasotec without consulting your healthcare provider. High blood pressure often requires long-term treatment, and stopping the medication can cause blood pressure to rise again.
Can Vasotec be taken with other blood pressure medications?
Yes, Vasotec can be used with other blood pressure medications, such as diuretics or beta-blockers, to achieve better blood pressure control. Your healthcare provider will adjust the dose as needed.
Does Vasotec cause a persistent cough?
Yes, a dry cough is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors like Vasotec. If the cough is bothersome, speak to your doctor, who may switch you to another medication, such as an ARB.
Is Vasotec safe to use in individuals with kidney disease?
Vasotec may be used with caution in individuals with kidney disease, but kidney function should be monitored regularly. Your doctor may adjust the dose based on kidney function tests.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Vasotec Work?
Vasotec works by inhibiting the action of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which normally produces angiotensin II, a substance that causes blood vessels to constrict. By blocking ACE, Vasotec reduces the production of angiotensin II, resulting in relaxed blood vessels, reduced blood pressure, and improved heart function in patients with heart failure.
Common Dosages
- 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, and 20 mg tablets.
Typical Dosing
- For hypertension: The usual starting dose is 5 mg once daily, and the maintenance dose is typically 10 to 40 mg daily, either in a single dose or divided into two doses.
- For heart failure: The starting dose is 2.5 mg twice daily, with a maintenance dose of 5 to 20 mg per day, divided into two doses.
- For left ventricular dysfunction: The recommended dose is 2.5 mg twice daily, titrated up to 20 mg daily if tolerated.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Hypertension (high blood pressure)
- Heart failure
- Left ventricular dysfunction (after a heart attack)
- Chronic kidney disease (off-label use for kidney protection in diabetic patients)
Who Shouldn't Take Vasotec?
- Known hypersensitivity to enalapril or any other ACE inhibitors.
- History of angioedema related to previous treatment with an ACE inhibitor.
- Pregnancy, as ACE inhibitors can harm or cause death to a developing fetus.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take Vasotec at the same time each day, with or without food. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, but if it's close to the next dose, skip the missed dose. Do not double up.
- Monitor your blood pressure regularly, especially when starting treatment, as Vasotec can cause a drop in blood pressure.
- Stay hydrated and avoid excessive salt substitutes or potassium supplements, as Vasotec can increase potassium levels in the blood.
- If you develop swelling of the face, lips, or throat (signs of angioedema), stop taking the medication immediately and seek emergency care.
- Store the medication in a cool, dry place away from moisture and heat.
Side Effects of Vasotec
Common Side Effects
- Dizziness or lightheadedness (especially when standing up)
- Cough
- Fatigue
- Headache
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Angioedema (swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat)
- Kidney dysfunction (reduced urine output, swelling, fatigue)
- High potassium levels (hyperkalemia), causing muscle weakness or irregular heartbeat
Risks and Warnings of Vasotec
- Pregnancy: Vasotec can cause serious harm or death to a developing fetus. If pregnancy is detected, the medication should be stopped immediately.
- Angioedema: Vasotec can cause severe swelling of the face, lips, or throat, which can be life-threatening. This condition requires immediate medical attention.
- Kidney Impairment: Vasotec can affect kidney function, especially in individuals with pre-existing kidney disease. Regular monitoring of kidney function is recommended.
- High Potassium Levels: This medication can cause elevated potassium levels (hyperkalemia), especially when used with potassium supplements or salt substitutes.
Interactions with Vasotec
Common Drug Interactions
- Potassium supplements or potassium-sparing diuretics (e.g., spironolactone): These can increase the risk of hyperkalemia when taken with Vasotec.
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (e.g., ibuprofen, naproxen): These can reduce the effectiveness of Vasotec and may increase the risk of kidney problems.
- Diuretics (water pills): When taken with Vasotec, these may increase the risk of low blood pressure, especially when starting treatment.
Alternatives to Vasotec
- Lisinopril: Another commonly prescribed ACE inhibitor used to treat hypertension and heart failure.
- Losartan: An angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) used for individuals who cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors.
- Amlodipine: A calcium channel blocker that helps lower blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels.
