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Theophylline ER
Theophylline ER is a long-acting bronchodilator used to treat asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other lung conditions where there is difficulty breathing. Theophylline works by relaxing the muscles around the airways, allowing easier breathing and helping to prevent wheezing, shortness of breath, and other breathing problems. The extended-release (ER) formulation allows for once or twice daily dosing, providing sustained symptom relief.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Theophylline ER to start working?
Theophylline ER may start to work within 1 to 2 hours after taking it, but full benefits for conditions like asthma or COPD can take several days to weeks.
Can I take Theophylline ER with food?
Yes, Theophylline ER can be taken with or without food. If stomach upset occurs, taking it with food may help.
What happens if I miss a dose of Theophylline ER?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it is close to the time of your next dose. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one.
Can Theophylline ER be used for asthma attacks?
No, Theophylline ER is used for long-term control of asthma symptoms. For acute asthma attacks, a short-acting bronchodilator like albuterol should be used.
How often should my theophylline levels be monitored?
Your doctor will check your theophylline levels regularly, especially when starting treatment or adjusting your dose. Monitoring ensures the medication is at safe and effective levels.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Theophylline ER Work?
Theophylline works by inhibiting phosphodiesterase, an enzyme that breaks down cyclic AMP (cAMP). By increasing cAMP levels, theophylline promotes the relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles, improving airflow to the lungs. It also has mild anti-inflammatory effects, which further help to control symptoms in asthma and COPD patients.
Common Dosages
- 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg, 600 mg oral tablets or capsules
Typical Dosing
- For asthma and COPD: The typical starting dose for adults is 300 mg to 400 mg daily, which can be increased based on blood levels and clinical response. The maximum recommended dose is generally 600 mg daily.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Asthma (long-term control of symptoms)
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- Chronic bronchitis and emphysema
Off-Label Uses
Who Shouldn't Take Theophylline ER?
- Known hypersensitivity to theophylline or other xanthines
- Active peptic ulcers
- Uncontrolled seizure disorders
- Serious heart conditions, such as arrhythmias
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take Theophylline ER at the same time each day, and do not crush or chew the tablets, as they are designed to release the medication slowly over time.
- Avoid excessive caffeine consumption, as it can increase the stimulant effects of theophylline.
- Monitor your blood levels of theophylline regularly, as small changes in dose can lead to toxicity.
- Be aware of potential drug interactions and always inform your healthcare provider of any new medications or supplements you are taking.
Side Effects of Theophylline ER
Common Side Effects
- Nausea or vomiting
- Headache
- Restlessness or irritability
- Insomnia
- Tremors
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Seizures
- Irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias)
- Toxicity (symptoms of overdose, such as severe nausea, vomiting, or confusion)
Risks and Warnings of Theophylline ER
- Toxicity: Theophylline has a narrow therapeutic window, meaning small changes in blood levels can lead to toxicity. Regular blood tests are necessary to ensure safe and effective dosing.
- Seizures: Theophylline can lower the seizure threshold, especially in individuals with a history of seizures. Use with caution in this population.
- Cardiac Risks: Theophylline may cause irregular heartbeats, especially in patients with underlying heart conditions. Monitoring is important for patients with cardiovascular disease.
Interactions with Theophylline ER
Common Drug Interactions
- Fluoroquinolone antibiotics (e.g., ciprofloxacin): These drugs can increase theophylline levels, leading to toxicity.
- Cimetidine: This medication can reduce the clearance of theophylline, increasing the risk of side effects.
- Phenytoin: This drug can lower theophylline levels, reducing its effectiveness.
- Beta-blockers: These medications can reduce the bronchodilatory effects of theophylline.
Alternatives to Theophylline ER
- Albuterol (Ventolin): A short-acting bronchodilator used for asthma attacks.
- Salmeterol (Serevent): A long-acting bronchodilator used with inhaled corticosteroids.
- Montelukast (Singulair): A leukotriene receptor antagonist used for asthma maintenance therapy.
- Tiotropium (Spiriva): A long-acting bronchodilator used for COPD management.
