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Theo-24
Theo-24 (generic name: theophylline) is a bronchodilator used to treat asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other lung conditions where there is difficulty breathing due to narrowed airways. It works by relaxing the muscles around the airways in the lungs, improving airflow and helping to reduce symptoms such as shortness of breath and wheezing. Theo-24 is an extended-release formulation, allowing for once-daily dosing to provide long-lasting control of respiratory symptoms.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Theo-24 to start working?
Theo-24 can start working within 1 to 2 hours after taking it, but it may take several days to see the full effects for chronic conditions like asthma and COPD.
Can I take Theo-24 with food?
Yes, Theo-24 can be taken with or without food. Taking it with food may help reduce stomach upset in some patients.
How do I know if my theophylline levels are too high?
Signs of theophylline toxicity include nausea, vomiting, restlessness, tremors, and irregular heartbeats. If you experience these symptoms, contact your healthcare provider immediately.
Can I use Theo-24 for acute asthma attacks?
No, Theo-24 is used for long-term control of asthma and COPD symptoms. For acute asthma attacks, you should use a short-acting bronchodilator like albuterol.
How often should my theophylline levels be monitored?
Your doctor will determine how frequently to check your theophylline levels, especially when starting therapy or adjusting the dose. Regular monitoring helps ensure the medication is effective without causing toxicity.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Theo-24 Work?
Theophylline works by inhibiting phosphodiesterase enzymes, which increases levels of cyclic AMP in the smooth muscle cells of the lungs. This results in the relaxation of bronchial muscles, leading to bronchodilation. Additionally, it has mild anti-inflammatory effects that contribute to improving breathing in patients with asthma or COPD.
Common Dosages
- 100 mg
- 200 mg
- 300 mg
- 400 mg
Typical Dosing
- For asthma or COPD: The typical starting dose for adults is 300 mg to 400 mg once daily. The dose may be adjusted based on blood levels of theophylline and patient response, with a maintenance dose typically ranging between 400 mg and 600 mg daily.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Asthma (long-term control of symptoms)
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- Chronic bronchitis and emphysema
Who Shouldn't Take Theo-24?
- Known hypersensitivity to theophylline or any of its components
- Uncontrolled seizure disorders
- Active peptic ulcer disease
- Serious heart conditions, such as arrhythmias
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take Theo-24 once daily, preferably at the same time each day, to maintain consistent levels in your bloodstream.
- Do not crush or chew the tablets, as this can release the drug too quickly, increasing the risk of side effects.
- Avoid excessive caffeine intake while using Theo-24, as caffeine can increase the stimulant effects of theophylline.
- Regular blood tests may be required to monitor theophylline levels, especially when starting treatment or adjusting the dose.
- Be aware of potential drug interactions; always inform your healthcare provider of any other medications you are taking.
Side Effects of Theo-24
Common Side Effects
- Nausea or vomiting
- Headache
- Restlessness or irritability
- Insomnia
- Tremors
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Seizures
- Irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias)
- Severe allergic reactions (swelling, rash, difficulty breathing)
- Toxicity (symptoms of theophylline overdose)
Risks and Warnings of Theo-24
- Toxicity: Theo-24 has a narrow therapeutic index, meaning small changes in blood levels can result in toxicity. Regular monitoring of theophylline levels is important, particularly if doses are adjusted or other medications are introduced.
- Seizure Risk: Theophylline can lower the seizure threshold, increasing the risk of seizures in susceptible individuals. Patients with a history of seizures should use Theo-24 with caution.
- Heart Problems: Theophylline can cause irregular heartbeats, particularly in patients with pre-existing heart conditions. Close monitoring is required for patients with cardiovascular disease.
Interactions with Theo-24
Common Drug Interactions
- Cimetidine, fluoroquinolones, and macrolide antibiotics: These medications can increase the levels of theophylline in the blood, leading to toxicity.
- Carbamazepine and rifampin: These drugs may decrease theophylline levels, reducing its effectiveness.
- Caffeine: Consuming large amounts of caffeine while taking Theo-24 can exacerbate side effects such as restlessness, tremors, and insomnia.
Alternatives to Theo-24
- Albuterol (Ventolin): A short-acting bronchodilator used to treat asthma and COPD.
- Salmeterol (Serevent): A long-acting bronchodilator used in combination with inhaled corticosteroids for asthma control.
- Ipratropium (Atrovent): An anticholinergic bronchodilator used for COPD.
- Montelukast (Singulair): A leukotriene receptor antagonist used to manage asthma.
