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Stalevo 125
Stalevo 125 is a combination medication used to treat symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, a progressive neurological disorder that affects movement. It contains three active ingredients: levodopa, carbidopa, and entacapone. Levodopa is converted into dopamine in the brain, helping to improve movement and reduce symptoms like tremors, stiffness, and slowness of movement. Carbidopa prevents the breakdown of levodopa before it reaches the brain, and entacapone prolongs the effect of levodopa by inhibiting COMT (catechol-O-methyltransferase), an enzyme that breaks down levodopa in the body.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does Stalevo 125 take to start working?
Stalevo 125 typically begins working within 30 minutes to an hour after taking a dose, but the exact onset may vary depending on individual response.
Can I stop taking Stalevo 125 if my symptoms improve?
No, you should not stop taking Stalevo 125 suddenly. Doing so can lead to serious complications, including neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS). Always consult your doctor before making any changes to your medication.
Can Stalevo 125 be taken with food?
Yes, Stalevo 125 can be taken with or without food, but if you experience nausea, taking it with food may help. However, avoid high-protein meals, as they can interfere with the absorption of levodopa.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Stalevo 125?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, but if it’s close to your next dose, skip the missed dose and resume your normal schedule. Do not take two doses at once to make up for a missed dose.
Can Stalevo 125 cause addiction or dependence?
Stalevo 125 is not known to cause addiction, but long-term use can lead to tolerance and physical dependence. This means your body may rely on the medication to manage Parkinson’s symptoms, and sudden discontinuation can result in withdrawal symptoms.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Stalevo 125 Work?
- Levodopa: It is a precursor to dopamine that crosses the blood-brain barrier and is converted into dopamine, replenishing the brain’s dopamine levels.
- Carbidopa: It inhibits the enzyme that breaks down levodopa before it can cross into the brain, ensuring more levodopa reaches the brain.
- Entacapone: It inhibits COMT, an enzyme that degrades levodopa, prolonging the therapeutic effect of levodopa.
Together, these components increase dopamine levels in the brain, helping to improve motor function and reduce symptoms like tremors and rigidity.
Common Dosages
- 125 mg of levodopa
- 31.25 mg of carbidopa
- 200 mg of entacapone
Typical Dosing
- Stalevo 125 is typically taken up to 8 times daily, depending on the patient’s needs and how well symptoms are managed.
- The medication should be taken with or without food, although taking it with food may help reduce nausea.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- The treatment of Parkinson’s disease in patients experiencing "wearing-off" symptoms, where the effectiveness of levodopa diminishes between doses.
Who Shouldn't Take Stalevo 125?
- Narrow-angle glaucoma
- Severe liver disease
- Hypersensitivity to any of its components (levodopa, carbidopa, entacapone)
- A history of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) or rhabdomyolysis
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take Stalevo 125 exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not stop taking it suddenly, as this can cause serious withdrawal symptoms, such as neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS).
- Avoid high-protein meals around the time you take your dose, as protein can interfere with the absorption of levodopa.
- Keep in mind that Stalevo may cause dark-colored urine, sweat, or saliva, which is harmless but may stain clothing.
Side Effects of Stalevo 125
Common Side Effects
- Nausea
- Dizziness
- Diarrhea
- Dry mouth
- Muscle cramps
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Dyskinesia (uncontrolled movements), especially if the dosage is too high
- Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS): Symptoms include fever, muscle rigidity, and confusion.
- Hallucinations or confusion, particularly in older adults
- Increased compulsive behaviors (e.g., gambling, eating, or sexual urges)
Risks and Warnings of Stalevo 125
- Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS): Sudden discontinuation of Stalevo or rapid dosage reduction can result in this life-threatening condition, marked by fever, muscle rigidity, and confusion. Always follow your doctor’s instructions when changing doses.
- Compulsive Behaviors: Some patients may experience compulsive behaviors such as gambling, binge eating, or increased sexual urges. Contact your healthcare provider if you notice changes in behavior.
- Dyskinesia: Long-term use of levodopa can cause uncontrolled movements. Your doctor may need to adjust your dose to manage this side effect.
Interactions with Stalevo 125
Common Drug Interactions
- MAO inhibitors: Stalevo 125 should not be used with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (e.g., phenelzine, tranylcypromine), as this can lead to dangerously high blood pressure.
- Antihypertensive medications: Stalevo can lower blood pressure, so if you are on antihypertensive medications, you may need to adjust your dose.
- Iron supplements: Iron can reduce the absorption of levodopa, so it is recommended to take iron supplements and Stalevo 125 at least 2 hours apart.
Alternatives to Stalevo 125
- Sinemet (levodopa/carbidopa): This combination lacks entacapone and is used for Parkinson’s disease without the COMT inhibitor.
- Comtan (entacapone): Used with levodopa/carbidopa to prolong the effect of levodopa.
- Rytary (extended-release levodopa/carbidopa): Provides a more stable release of levodopa over the course of the day.
- Requip (ropinirole): A dopamine agonist used in combination with levodopa or as monotherapy for Parkinson’s disease.