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Polymyxin B-Trimethoprim
Polymyxin B-trimethoprim is a combination antibiotic used primarily for the treatment of bacterial infections of the eye, particularly those caused by susceptible strains of gram-negative bacteria. It combines the antibacterial properties of polymyxin B, which disrupts bacterial cell membranes, and trimethoprim, which inhibits bacterial folic acid synthesis. This combination enhances the effectiveness of the treatment against various ocular infections.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for polymyxin B-trimethoprim to work?
Patients may start to see improvement in symptoms within a few days of treatment, but it is essential to complete the prescribed course to ensure the infection is fully resolved.
Can I stop using polymyxin B-trimethoprim if my symptoms improve?
It is important to complete the full course of treatment as prescribed, even if symptoms improve, to prevent recurrence of the infection.
Are there any specific precautions I should take while using this medication?
Avoid touching the dropper tip to any surface, including your eye, to prevent contamination. Also, inform your healthcare provider if you experience any allergic reactions.
What should I do if I miss a dose?
If you miss a dose, apply it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double up on doses.
Is it safe to use polymyxin B-trimethoprim during pregnancy or breastfeeding?
Consult your healthcare provider before using this medication during pregnancy or while breastfeeding to ensure safety and appropriateness.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Polymyxin B-Trimethoprim Work?
- Polymyxin B acts by binding to the lipid membrane of bacteria, disrupting its integrity and leading to cell death. It is particularly effective against gram-negative bacteria.
- Trimethoprim inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme involved in the synthesis of folate, which is essential for bacterial growth and reproduction. By blocking this pathway, trimethoprim effectively reduces bacterial proliferation.
Common Dosages
- Ophthalmic solution: 0.1% polymyxin B and 0.05% trimethoprim
Typical Dosing
- The typical dosing regimen is to instill 1-2 drops in the affected eye(s) every 3 hours during the day, tapering off the frequency as symptoms improve, or as directed by a healthcare provider.
Typical Dosing
Who Shouldn't Take Polymyxin B-Trimethoprim?
- Known hypersensitivity to polymyxin B, trimethoprim, or any other components of the formulation
- Viral infections of the eye (such as herpes simplex keratitis)
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Ensure hands are clean before administering eye drops to prevent contamination.
- Avoid touching the dropper tip to any surface, including the eye, to maintain sterility.
- If using other eye medications, wait at least 5 minutes between applying different medications.
- Discontinue use and consult a healthcare provider if there is no improvement within a few days or if symptoms worsen.
Side Effects of Polymyxin B-Trimethoprim
Common Side Effects
- Eye discomfort or irritation
- Burning or stinging upon application
- Redness of the eye
- Blurred vision (temporary)
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Allergic reactions (such as rash, itching, or swelling)
- Severe eye irritation or pain
Risks and Warnings of Polymyxin B-Trimethoprim
- Bacterial Resistance: Overuse or inappropriate use may contribute to antibiotic resistance. Ensure that the medication is used only for confirmed bacterial infections.
- Allergic Reactions: Patients should be monitored for signs of allergic reactions, especially if they have a history of drug allergies.
- Eye Conditions: Use caution in patients with pre-existing eye conditions, as these may exacerbate side effects or interfere with treatment effectiveness.
Interactions with Polymyxin B-Trimethoprim
Common Drug Interactions
- Other Ocular Medications: Be cautious when using other eye medications concurrently, as they may affect the absorption and efficacy of polymyxin B-trimethoprim.
- Systemic Antibacterials: Generally safe, but inform the healthcare provider of any ongoing systemic antibiotic treatment.
Alternatives to Polymyxin B-Trimethoprim
- Other Antibiotic Drops: Such as tobramycin or ciprofloxacin, which may be used for similar indications in bacterial eye infections.
- Oral Antibiotics: For systemic infections or severe cases of conjunctivitis where topical treatment may not be sufficient.
