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Nitazoxanide
Nitazoxanide is an antiparasitic and antiviral medication used primarily to treat infections caused by various parasites and some viruses. It is effective against a range of gastrointestinal infections, including cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis. Nitazoxanide works by interfering with the energy metabolism of the parasites and certain viruses, inhibiting their growth and reproduction.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How quickly does nitazoxanide work?
Patients may start to see improvement in symptoms within 48 hours of starting treatment.
Can I take nitazoxanide with food?
Yes, it can be taken with or without food, but taking it with food may help reduce gastrointestinal side effects.
What should I do if I miss a dose?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it’s close to the time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not double up doses.
Are there any dietary restrictions while using nitazoxanide?
There are no specific dietary restrictions while using nitazoxanide, but maintaining a balanced diet is advisable.
Is nitazoxanide safe during pregnancy or breastfeeding?
Consult your healthcare provider if you are pregnant or breastfeeding to discuss the risks and benefits of using nitazoxanide during these periods.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Nitazoxanide Work?
Nitazoxanide exerts its effects by inhibiting the enzyme pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase, which is essential for anaerobic energy metabolism in many protozoa and certain viruses. This disruption of energy production leads to the death of the pathogens.
Common Dosages
- Tablets: 500 mg.
- Oral Suspension: 100 mg/5 mL.
Typical Dosing
- For adults and children over 12 years: The recommended dose is 500 mg taken orally twice daily for 3 days.
- For younger children (based on weight), the dose is adjusted accordingly using the oral suspension.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Cryptosporidiosis: for the treatment of diarrhea caused by the parasite Cryptosporidium parvum.
- Giardiasis: for the treatment of diarrhea caused by the parasite Giardia lamblia.
- It is also being studied for its potential use against various viral infections, including rotavirus.
Who Shouldn't Take Nitazoxanide?
- Known hypersensitivity to nitazoxanide or any component of the formulation.
- Severe liver impairment (caution advised).
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take nitazoxanide as directed, and complete the full course of treatment, even if symptoms improve before finishing the medication.
- Shake the oral suspension well before each use.
- Maintain hydration to help manage diarrhea during treatment.
Side Effects of Nitazoxanide
Common Side Effects
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal pain
- Headache
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Severe allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling).
Risks and Warnings of Nitazoxanide
- Gastrointestinal Effects: Monitor for severe diarrhea or vomiting, which may lead to dehydration.
- Drug Interactions: Discuss all medications with your healthcare provider to avoid potential interactions.
Interactions with Nitazoxanide
Common Drug Interactions
- Antacids: May reduce the absorption of nitazoxanide; it's advisable to separate the doses.
- Other Antimicrobials: Consult your healthcare provider for guidance on combining with other medications.
Alternatives to Nitazoxanide
- Other Antiparasitic Agents: Such as metronidazole or tinidazole for similar indications.
- Supportive Care: Including hydration and electrolyte replacement in cases of diarrhea.
