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Metronidazole
Metronidazole is a type of medication recognized as an antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication. It's primarily used to treat various infections caused by bacteria and other organisms. This includes conditions like bacterial vaginosis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and certain types of gastroenteritis.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long should I keep taking metronidazole, even if I start feeling better?
You should complete the full course as prescribed by your doctor. Even if you're feeling better, stopping early can cause the infection to come back or become resistant.
Is it okay to take metronidazole on an empty stomach?
Yes, that's usually fine. But, if it upsets your stomach, try taking it with some food.
I've missed a dose of metronidazole, what should I do?
If it's close to your next dose time, skip the missed one. Never double up on doses. If you're still unsure, give your doctor a call.
Can I drink alcohol while I'm on metronidazole?
No, it's a bad idea. Drinking alcohol while taking metronidazole can cause unpleasant symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and a rapid heartbeat.
Can metronidazole affect my contraceptive pills?
Typically, metronidazole doesn't impact contraceptive pills. However, if you experience vomiting or diarrhea while on the medication, this could affect how your contraceptive works.
I'm taking metronidazole and I've noticed a metallic taste in my mouth, is that normal?
Yes, it is common to experience a metallic taste while on this medication. It's nothing to worry about and should go away once you finish your course.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Metronidazole Work?
Metronidazole works by inhibiting DNA synthesis in susceptible bacterial and protozoan pathogens, effectively killing them, and resolving the infection.
What is Metronidazole Used For?
Metronidazole is approved by the FDA for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, amebic dysentery/liver abscess, giardiasis, and various infections by anaerobic bacteria.
Off-Label it can be used to treate Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), Crohn?s disease, ocular rosacea, and seborrheic dermatitis.
Common Dosages
Metronizadole is most commonly manufactured in the following formulations:
Tablets: 250mg, 500mg
Oral Capsule: 375mg
Topical gel: 0.75%, 1%
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Bacterial vaginosis: 500mg twice daily for 7 days.
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: 500mg twice daily for 14 days along with other antibiotics.
- Amebic dysentery: 750mg three times daily for 5 to 10 days.
- Trichomoniasis: 2g single dose for men or 500mg twice daily for 7 days for women
Off-Label Uses
- Rosacea: Apply 0.75% gel twice daily
Who Shouldn't Take Metronidazole?
- Anyone who has a known hypersensitivity to metronidazole or nitroimidazole derivatives.
- Pregnant women during their first trimester being treated for trichomoniasis.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take the medication exactly as prescribed and for the full course of treatment, even if you start to feel better.
- Avoid alcohol or products containing propylene glycol during treatment and for at least three days afterward; it can cause severe nausea, vomiting, and a "flushing" reaction.
- Do not take it if you're pregnant in the first trimester.
- Notify your doctor if you have liver disease or a history of blood disorders.
- Inform your doctor of nervous system disorders including seizures and peripheral neuropathy.
Side Effects of Metronidazole
Common Side Effects
- Nausea
- Diarrhea.
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Loss of appetite
- Metallic taste in your mouth
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Any signs of an allergic reaction, such as rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, or breathing problems, contact your healthcare provider immediately.
Risks and Warnings of Metronidazole
- Neurological Effects: Risk of peripheral neuropathy (tingling or numbness in extremities) and, rarely, seizures.
- Disulfiram-like Reaction with Alcohol: Drinking alcohol during or soon after metronidazole therapy can cause symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and flushing.
- Carcinogenic Potential: Some animal studies suggest metronidazole has the potential to cause cancer.
- Pseudomembranous Colitis: Risk of an overgrowth of Clostridium difficile, leading to a condition characterized by severe diarrhea.
- Liver Toxicity: Potential for increased liver enzymes and other signs of liver injury.
Interactions with Metronidazole
Common Drug Interactions
- Disulfiram
- Warfarin and other blood thinners
- Lithium
- Phenytoin
- Fluorouracil
- Busulfan
Alternatives to Metronidazole
- Tinidazole
- Clindamycin
- Azithromycin
- Amoxicillin
- Ciprofloxacin
- Doxycycline
