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miFEPRIStone
Mifepristone is a medication used to terminate early pregnancies (up to 10 weeks of gestation) and for the treatment of certain medical conditions such as Cushing's syndrome. In pregnancy termination, it works by blocking the action of progesterone, a hormone necessary to maintain pregnancy. Mifepristone is often used in combination with misoprostol, a prostaglandin that helps to expel the pregnancy tissue. In Cushing’s syndrome, it helps manage hyperglycemia related to high cortisol levels.
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for mifepristone to work?
Mifepristone starts working within 24-48 hours after taking the medication, especially when combined with misoprostol to complete the termination process.
Can I take mifepristone for pregnancies beyond 10 weeks?
Mifepristone is approved for pregnancies up to 10 weeks of gestation. If you are beyond 10 weeks, discuss alternative options with your healthcare provider.
What should I expect after taking mifepristone and misoprostol?
You will likely experience cramping and bleeding, which indicates that the medications are working. Bleeding may be heavy, but it should gradually decrease over the following days.
Can I drive after taking mifepristone?
You may experience dizziness or lightheadedness after taking mifepristone. It is advisable to have someone with you, and avoid driving until you know how the medication affects you.
Is mifepristone reversible?
Once mifepristone is taken, it starts blocking progesterone, and it is difficult to reverse its effects. If you have concerns about continuing the pregnancy, speak to your healthcare provider immediately.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does miFEPRIStone Work?
In pregnancy termination, mifepristone works by blocking the hormone progesterone, which is essential for maintaining the uterine lining. This causes the lining to break down, leading to the detachment of the pregnancy. Mifepristone is typically followed by misoprostol, which induces uterine contractions to expel the pregnancy tissue.
For Cushing's syndrome, mifepristone blocks the effects of cortisol by antagonizing glucocorticoid receptors, which helps reduce blood sugar levels in patients with hyperglycemia due to high cortisol levels.
Common Dosages
- 200 mg tablets
Typical Dosing
- For pregnancy termination: A single dose of 200 mg mifepristone is followed 24-48 hours later by 800 mcg misoprostol, either buccally or vaginally, as directed by the healthcare provider.
- For Cushing’s syndrome: The starting dose is typically 300 mg once daily, and the dose may be adjusted based on the patient’s response and side effects.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Termination of early pregnancy (up to 10 weeks of gestation) in combination with misoprostol.
- Control of hyperglycemia secondary to hypercortisolism in adults with Cushing’s syndrome who are not candidates for surgery or where surgery has not been successful.
Who Shouldn't Take miFEPRIStone?
- Ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy outside the uterus).
- Chronic adrenal failure.
- Long-term corticosteroid use (for patients using it for pregnancy termination).
- Uncontrolled asthma.
- Known hypersensitivity to mifepristone or any of its components.
- Pregnancy in cases where termination is not intended (for patients using it for Cushing’s syndrome).
Advice From The Pharmacist
- For pregnancy termination: Mifepristone is typically followed by misoprostol to complete the process. It is important to follow the schedule provided by your healthcare provider for both medications.
- Expect cramping and bleeding after taking the misoprostol; this is normal and indicates the medication is working. However, if you experience heavy bleeding (soaking more than two pads per hour for more than 2 hours), contact your healthcare provider.
- Avoid using tampons during the termination process. Use pads to monitor the bleeding.
- Take mifepristone with food to help reduce nausea.
- For Cushing’s syndrome: Regular blood tests will be necessary to monitor blood sugar levels and adjust the dose.
Side Effects of miFEPRIStone
Common Side Effects
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Cramping and abdominal pain
- Diarrhea
- Headache
- Fatigue
- Vaginal bleeding (for pregnancy termination)
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Severe allergic reactions: Rash, swelling, or difficulty breathing.
- Infection: Fever, chills, or foul-smelling vaginal discharge may indicate an infection after pregnancy termination.
- Severe or prolonged bleeding: If heavy bleeding persists, seek medical attention.
Risks and Warnings of miFEPRIStone
- Incomplete abortion: There is a small risk that the pregnancy will not be completely terminated, in which case a surgical procedure (aspiration) may be required.
- Severe infection: Though rare, serious infections can occur after pregnancy termination. Patients should seek immediate medical attention if they experience fever, chills, or severe abdominal pain.
- Cushing’s syndrome: Mifepristone can cause low potassium levels and adrenal insufficiency in some patients with Cushing's syndrome. Regular monitoring is required.
Interactions with miFEPRIStone
Common Drug Interactions
- Corticosteroids: Mifepristone may block the effects of corticosteroids, making it unsafe for patients dependent on corticosteroids for chronic conditions.
- Blood thinners (anticoagulants): Mifepristone may increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulants like warfarin.
- Rifampin and anticonvulsants: Medications such as rifampin, phenytoin, and carbamazepine may reduce the effectiveness of mifepristone by increasing its metabolism.
Alternatives to miFEPRIStone
- Methotrexate: Another medication used in combination with misoprostol for early pregnancy termination.
- Surgical abortion: For those who are not candidates for medication abortion or prefer a different method.
- Pasireotide (Signifor): A treatment option for Cushing’s syndrome in patients who do not respond to mifepristone.