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Mepron
Mepron, the brand name for atovaquone, is an antiprotozoal medication used to treat or prevent Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP), a serious lung infection that primarily affects people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or cancer. Atovaquone works by inhibiting the growth of the protozoa that cause the infection. It is often prescribed when patients are unable to tolerate other treatments like trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim).
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Frequently Asked Questions
How long does it take for Mepron to start working?
Improvement in symptoms may be noticed within a few days, but it is important to complete the full 21-day course of treatment to ensure that the infection is fully eradicated.
Can I take Mepron with other medications for HIV?
Yes, Mepron can be taken alongside antiretroviral medications used to treat HIV. However, your healthcare provider will monitor for any interactions, particularly with protease inhibitors like indinavir.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Mepron?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not double up on doses.
Is Mepron safe for long-term use?
Mepron can be used long-term for the prevention of PCP, especially in patients with HIV/AIDS who are at high risk. Regular monitoring by your healthcare provider will ensure it remains safe and effective.
Can I stop taking Mepron once I feel better?
No, it is important to complete the full course of Mepron, even if you feel better, to prevent the infection from returning or becoming resistant to treatment.
Comprehensive Drug Guide
How Does Mepron Work?
Mepron (atovaquone) works by inhibiting the mitochondrial electron transport in protozoal cells, which disrupts the synthesis of nucleic acids and energy production necessary for protozoal survival. This action helps to slow and stop the growth of Pneumocystis jirovecii, reducing the severity of pneumonia and aiding in recovery. It is effective for patients who are unable to tolerate sulfa-based medications.
Common Dosages
- 750 mg/5 mL oral suspension
Typical Dosing
- For the treatment of PCP: The typical dose is 750 mg (10 mL) taken twice daily for 21 days.
- For the prevention of PCP: The typical dose is 1500 mg (20 mL) once daily.
Mepron should be taken with food to increase its absorption and effectiveness.
Typical Dosing
FDA Approved Indications
- Treatment of mild to moderate Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP).
- Prevention of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in patients at high risk, such as those with HIV/AIDS or other immune-compromising conditions.
Who Shouldn't Take Mepron?
- Known hypersensitivity or allergy to atovaquone or any component of the formulation.
Advice From The Pharmacist
- Take Mepron with food, preferably with a meal containing fat, to improve absorption. If taken on an empty stomach, its effectiveness may be significantly reduced.
- Shake the oral suspension well before each use to ensure the medication is evenly mixed.
- Complete the full course of treatment even if you start to feel better, especially when treating PCP. Stopping the medication too early can lead to a recurrence of the infection.
- If you experience side effects like nausea, try taking Mepron with small, frequent meals.
- Report any symptoms of worsening lung infection, such as difficulty breathing or persistent coughing, to your healthcare provider.
Side Effects of Mepron
Common Side Effects
- Nausea or vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Fever
Uncommon/Severe Side Effects
- Severe allergic reactions: Rash, itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing.
- Liver problems: Symptoms include yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine, or severe stomach pain.
- Worsening respiratory symptoms: Difficulty breathing or worsening of pneumonia symptoms may occur, especially early in treatment.
Risks and Warnings of Mepron
- Liver toxicity: Mepron may cause liver problems, especially in individuals with pre-existing liver conditions. Liver function should be monitored during treatment, and any signs of liver damage (e.g., yellowing of the skin or eyes) should be reported to your healthcare provider.
- Drug resistance: If Mepron is not taken as prescribed, there is a risk that the infection may not be fully treated and could develop resistance to the medication. Adherence to the full treatment course is crucial.
Interactions with Mepron
Common Drug Interactions
- Rifampin and tetracyclines: These antibiotics can reduce the effectiveness of Mepron by decreasing its concentration in the blood.
- Indinavir: A protease inhibitor used to treat HIV may have reduced efficacy when taken with Mepron. Monitor for reduced antiretroviral effectiveness if used concurrently.
- Warfarin: Mepron may increase the effects of warfarin, increasing the risk of bleeding. Patients on warfarin should have their INR levels closely monitored.
Alternatives to Mepron
- Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim): The first-line treatment and prevention for PCP, though some patients may not tolerate this sulfa-based medication.
- Dapsone: Another alternative for the prevention of PCP in patients who cannot tolerate Bactrim.
- Pentamidine: An injectable or inhalable antiprotozoal agent used for the treatment and prevention of PCP in patients unable to take oral medications.
